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Mapping Soil Organic Carbon in Floodplain Farmland: Implications of Effective Range of Environmental Variables

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  • Zihao Wu

    (Research Center for Transformation Development and Rural Revitalization of Resource-Based Cities in China, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
    School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
    Research Center for Land Use and Ecological Security Governance in Mining Area, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Yiyun Chen

    (School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China)

  • Yuanli Zhu

    (Research Center for Transformation Development and Rural Revitalization of Resource-Based Cities in China, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
    School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
    Research Center for Land Use and Ecological Security Governance in Mining Area, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Xiangyang Feng

    (School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Jianxiong Ou

    (School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Guie Li

    (Research Center for Transformation Development and Rural Revitalization of Resource-Based Cities in China, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
    School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Zhaomin Tong

    (School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China)

  • Qingwu Yan

    (Research Center for Transformation Development and Rural Revitalization of Resource-Based Cities in China, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
    School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

Abstract

Accurately mapping soil organic carbon (SOC) is conducive to evaluating carbon storage and soil quality. However, the high spatial heterogeneity of SOC caused by river-related factors and agricultural management brings challenges to digital soil mapping in floodplain farmland. Moreover, current studies focus on the non-linear relationship between SOC and covariates, but ignore the effective range of environmental variables on SOC, which prevents the revelation of the SOC differentiation mechanism. Using the 375 samples collected from the Jiangchang Town near Han River, we aim to determine the main controlling factors of SOC, reveal the effective range of environmental variables, and obtain the spatial map of SOC by using the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model and partial dependence plots. Linear regression was used as a reference. Results showed that GBDT outperformed linear regression. GBDT results show that the distance from the river was the most important SOC factor, confirming the importance of the Han River to the SOC pattern. The partial dependence plots indicate that all environmental variables have their effective ranges, and when their values are extremely high or low, they do not respond to changes in SOC. Specifically, the influential ranges of rivers, irrigation canals, and rural settlements on SOC were within 4000, 200, and 50 m, respectively. The peak SOC was obtained with high clay (≥31%), total nitrogen (≥1.18 g/kg), and total potassium contents (≥11.1 g/kg), but it remained steady when these covariates further increased. These results highlight the importance of revealing the effective range of environmental variables, which provides data support for understanding the spatial pattern of SOC in floodplain farmland, achieving carbon sequestration in farmland and precision agriculture. The GBDT with the partial dependence plot was effective in SOC fitting and mapping.

Suggested Citation

  • Zihao Wu & Yiyun Chen & Yuanli Zhu & Xiangyang Feng & Jianxiong Ou & Guie Li & Zhaomin Tong & Qingwu Yan, 2023. "Mapping Soil Organic Carbon in Floodplain Farmland: Implications of Effective Range of Environmental Variables," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-15, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:6:p:1198-:d:1166567
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xinyi Shen & Junwei Ma & Yuqian Li & Yijia Li & Xinghui Xia, 2022. "The Effects of Multiple Global Change Factors on Soil Nutrients across China: A Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Liang Chen & Zhengxin Yin & Meng Tang & Tuanjie Li & Dong Xu, 2022. "Distribution and Genesis of Organic Carbon Storage on the Northern Shelf of the South China Sea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Bingrui Liu & Jiacheng Qian & Ran Zhao & Qijun Yang & Kening Wu & Huafu Zhao & Zhe Feng & Jianhui Dong, 2022. "Spatio-Temporal Variation and Its Driving Forces of Soil Organic Carbon along an Urban–Rural Gradient: A Case Study of Beijing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-22, November.
    4. Wang, Xiquan & Zhang, Hongyuan & Zhang, Zhizhong & Zhang, Chenping & Zhang, Kai & Pang, Huancheng & Bell, Stephen M. & Li, Yuyi & Chen, Ji, 2023. "Reinforced soil salinization with distance along the river: A case study of the Yellow River Basin," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    5. Arcesio Salamanca-Carreño & Mauricio Vélez-Terranova & Oscar Mauricio Vargas-Corzo & Otoniel Pérez-López & Andrés Fernando Castillo-Pérez & Pere M. Parés-Casanova, 2023. "Relationship of Physiographic Position to Physicochemical Characteristics of Soils of the Flooded-Savannah Agroecosystem, Colombia," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yuhan Zhang & Youqi Wang & Yiru Bai & Ruiyuan Zhang & Xu Liu & Xian Ma, 2023. "Prediction of Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in Helan Farmland Based on Different Prediction Models," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-15, October.

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