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Simulation of Urban Areas Exposed to Hazardous Flash Flooding Scenarios in Hail City

Author

Listed:
  • Omar Hamdy

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt)

  • Mohamed Hssan Hassan Abdelhafez

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt
    Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mabrouk Touahmia

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammed Alshenaifi

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia)

  • Emad Noaime

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khaled Elkhayat

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammed Alghaseb

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ayman Ragab

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt)

Abstract

According to the United Nations (UN), an additional 1.35 billion people will live in cities by 2030. Well-planned measures are essential for reducing the risk of flash floods. Flash floods typically inflict more damage in densely populated areas. The province of Hail encompasses 120,000 square kilometers, or approximately 6% of the total land area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Due to its innate physiographic and geologic character, Hail city is susceptible to a wide variety of geo-environmental risks such as sand drifts, flash floods, and rock falls. The aim of this work is to evaluate the rate of urban sprawl in the Hail region using remote sensing data and to identify urban areas that would be affected by simulated worst-case flash floods. From 1984 to 2022, the global urbanization rate increased from 467 to 713% in the Hail region. This is a very high rate of expansion, which means that the number of urban areas exposed to the highest level of flood risk is rising every year. With Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA), a wide range of hydrologic scenarios can be simulated. The data sources for the soil type, infiltration, and initial moisture were utilized to create the coverage and index maps. To generate virtual floods, we ran the GSSHA model within the Watershed Modeling System (WMS) program to create the hazard map for flash flooding. This model provides a suitable method based on open access data and remote data that can help planners in developing countries to create the risk analysis for flash flooding.

Suggested Citation

  • Omar Hamdy & Mohamed Hssan Hassan Abdelhafez & Mabrouk Touahmia & Mohammed Alshenaifi & Emad Noaime & Khaled Elkhayat & Mohammed Alghaseb & Ayman Ragab, 2023. "Simulation of Urban Areas Exposed to Hazardous Flash Flooding Scenarios in Hail City," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-23, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:353-:d:1049303
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cohen, Barney, 2004. "Urban Growth in Developing Countries: A Review of Current Trends and a Caution Regarding Existing Forecasts," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 23-51, January.
    2. van Vliet, Jasper & Bregt, Arnold K. & Hagen-Zanker, Alex, 2011. "Revisiting Kappa to account for change in the accuracy assessment of land-use change models," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 222(8), pages 1367-1375.
    3. Omar Hamdy & Hanan Gaber & Mohamed S. Abdalzaher & Mahmoud Elhadidy, 2022. "Identifying Exposure of Urban Area to Certain Seismic Hazard Using Machine Learning and GIS: A Case Study of Greater Cairo," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-24, August.
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    1. Mariusz Starzec & Sabina Kordana-Obuch & Daniel Słyś, 2023. "Assessment of the Feasibility of Implementing a Flash Flood Early Warning System in a Small Catchment Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-43, May.

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