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Assessing the Impact of Rural Multifunctionality on Non-Point Source Pollution: A Case Study of Typical Hilly Watershed, China

Author

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  • Wei Yan

    (Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
    College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Xuejun Duan

    (Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
    College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China)

  • Jiayu Kang

    (Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China)

  • Zhiyuan Ma

    (Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China)

Abstract

In the context of rural development and transformation, it is crucial to identify the impact of rural multifunctionality on non-point source (NPS) pollution. This study applies the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), geographical detector, and principal component analysis in Liyang, a typical hilly subbasin in China, in order to assess the rural multifunctional development that influences the spatial differentiation of NPS pollution and detect the interactive effects of rural multifunctionality. The R 2 and NSE demonstrated that the calibrated SWAT model successfully simulated NPS pollution in Liyang. The village scale was identified as the optimal research scale for examining the rural multifunctional development on NPS pollution distribution. The rural multifunctional indicators, such as the proportion of vegetable farming, sowing area, and grain farming, would influence NPS distribution. The number of family farming cooperatives, the area of pond farming, and the nature reserves area were also significant. The rural multifunctionality in Liyang could be classified into five categories: grain production, mixed agriculture, ecological conservation, leisure tourism, and industry and business function. The superposition of rural multifunctionality has a strengthening effect on NPS pollution, especially when the ecological conservation function is combined with the grain production or modern agriculture function. The study could provide NPS pollution control strategies for policymaking in rural multifunctional development.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei Yan & Xuejun Duan & Jiayu Kang & Zhiyuan Ma, 2023. "Assessing the Impact of Rural Multifunctionality on Non-Point Source Pollution: A Case Study of Typical Hilly Watershed, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:10:p:1936-:d:1261890
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Ruimin & Zhang, Peipei & Wang, Xiujuan & Chen, Yaxin & Shen, Zhenyao, 2013. "Assessment of effects of best management practices on agricultural non-point source pollution in Xiangxi River watershed," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 9-18.
    2. Shen, Zhenyao & Hong, Qian & Chu, Zheng & Gong, Yongwei, 2011. "A framework for priority non-point source area identification and load estimation integrated with APPI and PLOAD model in Fujiang Watershed, China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(6), pages 977-989, April.
    3. Rizov, Marian, 2005. "Rural development under the European CAP: The role of diversity," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 42(4), pages 621-628.
    4. Chuan Luo & Zhaofu Li & Hengpeng Li & Xiaomin Chen, 2015. "Evaluation of the AnnAGNPS Model for Predicting Runoff and Nutrient Export in a Typical Small Watershed in the Hilly Region of Taihu Lake," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-19, September.
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    1. Geng-Wei Liu & Chang-Lei Dai & Ze-Xuan Shao & Rui-Han Xiao & Hong-Cong Guo, 2024. "Assessment of Ecological Flow in Hulan River Basin Utilizing SWAT Model and Diverse Hydrological Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-26, March.

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