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Assessing Effects of Urban Greenery on the Regulation Mechanism of Microclimate and Outdoor Thermal Comfort during Winter in China’s Cold Region

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  • Kun Wang

    (College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
    Institute of Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1108 Budapest, Hungary
    These authors contributed to this work equally and should be regarded as co-first authors.)

  • Xubin Fang

    (School of Architecture, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
    These authors contributed to this work equally and should be regarded as co-first authors.)

  • Yue Ma

    (Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Sihan Xue

    (School of Architecture, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China)

  • Shi Yin

    (School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
    Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China)

Abstract

A comfortable thermal environment in outdoor spaces is beneficial to people’s physical and mental health in cold conditions during winter. Greenery can improve outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) via microclimates in winter. Multiple methods have been employed to investigate how greenery influences OTC and microclimate. However, the underlying mechanism of how microclimate participates in the regulation of the effect of greenery on OTC is unclear. To examine the mediating effect of microclimate on the relation between greenery and OTC in cold weather during winter, we conducted meteorological measurement and thermal comfort surveys in Zhengzhou, a city in China’s cold region, from 29 to 30 December 2019. Two objective greening indices from different dimensions were extracted at twelve sampling points: (1) the green view index (GVI) from horizontal normal images from people’s perspective, and (2) the tree view factor (TVF) from vertical-upward fisheye images. With microclimatic parameters as the mediators, a comprehensive multi-step mediation analysis was conducted. The regression results revealed that the GVI and TVF were negatively associated with the thermal comfort vote (TCV) (i.e., the more greenery, the less TCV, which means the more comfortable the thermal environment). Our findings show that both GVI and TVF contribute to OTC through different mechanisms in cold climatic conditions during winter. Vegetation in sight revealed by the GVI can directly regulate OTC by affecting people’s mental feelings or other factors. Air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (Va) served as significant partial mediators for the GVI. Moreover, there was a complete mediation for TVF–OTC correlation with Ta, RH, and Va as significant mediators. The mediating effects of microclimate accounted for 81.00% for GVI and 89.02% for TVF, respectively. The GVI is propitious to the study of people’s mental health and landscape preferences, whereas TVF is suitable for studies on microclimate adaptation.

Suggested Citation

  • Kun Wang & Xubin Fang & Yue Ma & Sihan Xue & Shi Yin, 2022. "Assessing Effects of Urban Greenery on the Regulation Mechanism of Microclimate and Outdoor Thermal Comfort during Winter in China’s Cold Region," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-20, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:9:p:1442-:d:902931
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Huawei Li & Guifang Wang & Guohang Tian & Sándor Jombach, 2020. "Mapping and Analyzing the Park Cooling Effect on Urban Heat Island in an Expanding City: A Case Study in Zhengzhou City, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-17, February.
    2. S. Brent Jackson & Kathryn T. Stevenson & Lincoln R. Larson & M. Nils Peterson & Erin Seekamp, 2021. "Outdoor Activity Participation Improves Adolescents’ Mental Health and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-18, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Saranathan Pragati & Radhakrishnan Shanthi Priya & Chandramouli Pradeepa & Ramalingam Senthil, 2023. "Simulation of the Energy Performance of a Building with Green Roofs and Green Walls in a Tropical Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-17, January.

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