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Urban Land-Use Type Influences Summertime Water Quality in Small- and Medium-Sized Urban Rivers: A Case Study in Shanghai, China

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  • Jialin Liu

    (Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai 200232, China
    Laboratory of Urban Design and Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai 200122, China
    Harvard China Project, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Fangyan Cheng

    (Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yi Zhu

    (Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai 200232, China
    Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Qun Zhang

    (Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai 200232, China)

  • Qing Song

    (Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai 200232, China)

  • Xinhong Cui

    (Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai 200232, China)

Abstract

(1) Background: Small- and medium-sized rivers in urban areas are unique environments that serve as blue-green corridors for urban residents. The relationship between land-use types and water quality in these rivers provides important information for effectively addressing urban river restoration and pollution management. However, not much attention has been paid on these small- and medium-sized rivers, especially in large urban agglomerations with dense river networks. (2) Methods: This study undertook a field investigation on 130 sampling small- and medium-sized rivers during the late summer and applied data-driven water quality index and landscape analysis techniques to evaluate the direct impacts of riparian land-use types on the summertime water quality in Shanghai’s small- and medium-sized rivers. Riparian land-use types were derived from OpenStreetMap (OSM) datasets, including industrial, commercial, residential, and green spaces. (3) Results: Residential and green space are located closer to these sampled rivers than industrial and commercial land types, suggesting a tentative link between anthropogenic activities and water quality. Further analysis concluded that urban resident settlements, characterized by specific land-use types, DMSP-OLS nighttime lights, OSM road density, and OSM river density, strongly affected the water quality at the sub-catchment scale. We further determined the critical radii for impacts of land use types on urban rivers. Industrial types may influence water quality within a maximum radius of 5 km, followed by green space (4 km), residential areas (3 km), and commercial developments (2 km). These mathematically and statistically computed radii provide updated visions for river health assessment. For a specific land-use type, the assessed water quality index will be biased by using an assessment area with a radius higher or lower than the above-estimated radii. The study also quantified the spatial extent and transmission efficiency of non-point source pollution in a super built-up area of central Shanghai. We observed that contaminants transported by river pathways can reach a larger area than those transported by roads. (4) Conclusions: The high-quality environments in small- and medium-sized rivers are tightly linked to riparian landscape patterns. It is therefore urgent to control domestic pollutions as part of the restoration of megacity’s urban rivers and grapple with the complex challenges of risks to water supply. This study elaborates the importance of integrating land-use planning and water-quality management to maintain the functions and services of small- and medium-sized urban rivers.

Suggested Citation

  • Jialin Liu & Fangyan Cheng & Yi Zhu & Qun Zhang & Qing Song & Xinhong Cui, 2022. "Urban Land-Use Type Influences Summertime Water Quality in Small- and Medium-Sized Urban Rivers: A Case Study in Shanghai, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-14, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:511-:d:785016
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chahor, Y. & Casalí, J. & Giménez, R. & Bingner, R.L. & Campo, M.A. & Goñi, M., 2014. "Evaluation of the AnnAGNPS model for predicting runoff and sediment yield in a small Mediterranean agricultural watershed in Navarre (Spain)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 24-37.
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    2. Fang Liu & Tianling Qin & Hao Wang & Shanshan Liu & Hanjiang Nie & Jianwei Wang, 2023. "Scale Effect of Sloping Landscape Characteristics on River Water Quality in the Upper Reaches of the Si River in East-Central China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-16, February.

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