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Ecological and Syntaxonomic Analysis of Pinus halepensis Mill. in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands

Author

Listed:
  • Eusebio Cano

    (Department of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology, Section of Botany, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • Ana Cano-Ortiz

    (Department of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology, Section of Botany, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • José Carlos Piñar Fuentes

    (Department of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology, Section of Botany, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • Ricardo Quinto-Canas

    (Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
    Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal)

  • Jehad Igbareyeh

    (Department of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology, Section of Botany, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
    Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Quds Open University, Hebron Branch, Abu Ktellah Street, Hebron 51800, Palestine)

  • Sara del Río

    (Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management (Botany), Mountain Livestock Farming Institute (Joint Center CSIC-ULE), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain)

  • Carlos José Pinto Gomes

    (Department of Landscape, Environment and Planning, Institute for Mediterranean Agrarian and Environmental Sciences (ICAAM), School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal)

Abstract

This work aims to review the natural communities of Pinus halepensis in Spain. The methodology consisted of subjecting 400 phytosociological relevés to georeferencing and statistical, biogeographical, and bioclimatic treatment. We analyse the communities of Pinus halepensis on the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Five syntaxa with association rank are described in several works and included in the alliances Rhamno-Quercion and Oleo-Ceratonion . Ephedro-Pinetum halepensis was initially proposed as a community by Torres et al. and subsequently raised to the rank of association by Rivas-Martínez et al. In this work, we have separated the plant communities dominated by Pinus halepensis , which was previously included in other syntaxa, and as a result, we propose four new associations and a new alliance for the Iberian Peninsula: ass. Bupleuro rigidi-Pinetum halepensis ; ass. Ephedro nebrodensis-Pinetum halepensis ; ass. Rhamno angustifoliae-Pinetum halepènsis ; ass. Rhamno laderoi-Pinetum halepensis; all. Rhamno lycioidis-Pinion halepensis . In view of the fact that some of the communities have been published as edaphoxerophilous and climatophilous, we suggest separating the climatophilous from the edaphoxerophilous character in the diagnosis of the communities, and have therefore recently proposed the ombroedaphoxeric index I oex (I oex = P p − e/T p × CR), which considers positive precipitation P p , positive temperature T p , residual evapotranspiration (e), and water retention capacity CR (0.25, 0.50, 0.75). In conclusion, we propose the associations mentioned above, which will allow the implementation of a reforestation treatment in accordance with the natural environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Eusebio Cano & Ana Cano-Ortiz & José Carlos Piñar Fuentes & Ricardo Quinto-Canas & Jehad Igbareyeh & Sara del Río & Carlos José Pinto Gomes, 2022. "Ecological and Syntaxonomic Analysis of Pinus halepensis Mill. in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-31, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:369-:d:762932
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eusebio Cano & Carmelo M. Musarella & Ana Cano-Ortiz & José C. Piñar Fuentes & Alfonso Rodríguez Torres & Sara Del Río González & Carlos J. Pinto Gomes & Ricardo Quinto-Canas & Giovanni Spampinato, 2019. "Geobotanical Study of the Microforests of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. badia in the Central and Southern Iberian Peninsula," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-31, February.
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