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Understanding the Intensity of Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes in the Context of Postcolonial and Socialist Transformation in Kaesong, North Korea

Author

Listed:
  • Oh Seok Kim

    (Department of Geography, Graduate School of Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
    Department of Geography Education, College of Education, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
    Institute of Future Land, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea)

  • Tomáš Václavík

    (Department of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic)

  • Mi Sun Park

    (Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchangdaero, Daehwa, Pyeongchang 25354, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
    Center for International Agricultural Development, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchangdaero, Daehwa, Pyeongchang 25354, Gangwon, Republic of Korea)

  • Marco Neubert

    (Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Weberplatz 1, 01217 Dresden, Germany)

Abstract

This study examines the land-use and land-cover changes (LUCCs) in Kaesong, a North Korean city, and the area adjacent to the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). An intensity analysis—a framework decomposing LUCCs into interval, category, and transition levels—is applied to the land-cover maps of 1916, 1951, and 2015 to understand the importance of the historical period and associated land regimes (imperialism and socialism) in shaping LUCCs. The five land-cover classes—Built, Agriculture, Forest, Water, and Others—were analyzed among the two historical periods from Imperial Japan’s colonization (1910–1945) and the South–North division since the Korean War (1953–present). The results show that, at the interval level, the colonial period LUCCs were more intensive than the division period. However, >50% of the study area underwent changes during each period. At the category level, river channel modifications were the most intensive, followed by deforestation. In terms of transition, consistent intensity trends from Others to Built and Agriculture were observed across both land regimes. In conclusion, the LUCCs were more intensive under Japanese imperialism than the North Korean socialist regime, but the economic and geographic factors were not substantially affected by such land regimes. These underlying forces may be more significant fundamental drivers of LUCCs than land regimes themselves.

Suggested Citation

  • Oh Seok Kim & Tomáš Václavík & Mi Sun Park & Marco Neubert, 2022. "Understanding the Intensity of Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes in the Context of Postcolonial and Socialist Transformation in Kaesong, North Korea," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-27, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:357-:d:760877
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cegielska, Katarzyna & Noszczyk, Tomasz & Kukulska, Anita & Szylar, Marta & Hernik, Józef & Dixon-Gough, Robert & Jombach, Sándor & Valánszki, István & Filepné Kovács, Krisztina, 2018. "Land use and land cover changes in post-socialist countries: Some observations from Hungary and Poland," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1-18.
    2. Mi Sun Park & Hyowon Lee, 2014. "Forest Policy and Law for Sustainability within the Korean Peninsula," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(8), pages 1-25, August.
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