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Spatial Distribution, Environmental Risk and Safe Utilization Zoning of Soil Heavy Metals in Farmland, Subtropical China

Author

Listed:
  • Weiwei Guo

    (College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
    These two authors contributed equally to this study as co-first author.)

  • Tao Wu

    (College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
    These two authors contributed equally to this study as co-first author.)

  • Guojun Jiang

    (College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China)

  • Lijie Pu

    (School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China)

  • Jianzhen Zhang

    (College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China)

  • Fei Xu

    (Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China)

  • Hongmei Yu

    (College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China)

  • Xuefeng Xie

    (College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
    Key Laboratory of the Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China)

Abstract

Heavy metal (HM) accumulation in farmland soil can be transferred to the human body through the food chain, posing a serious threat to human health. Exploring the environmental risk and safe utilization zoning of soil HMs in farmland can provide the basis for the formulation of effective control strategies. Soil samples from typical subtropical farmland were collected in Jinhua City and analyzed for HMs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn). The objective of this study was to explore the spatial distribution and environmental risk of soil HMs, and then divide the safe utilization area of soil HMs of farmland in Jinhua City. The results showed that the mean concentrations of soil HMs were, in descending order: Zn (76.05 mg kg −1 ) > Cr (36.73 mg kg −1 ) > Pb (32.48 mg kg −1 ) > Cu (18.60 mg kg −1 ) > Ni (11.95 mg kg −1 ) > As (6.37 mg kg −1 ) > Cd (0.18 mg kg −1 ) > Hg (0.11 mg kg −1 ), and all determined soil HMs did not exceed the risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land of China. The fitted semi-variogram showed that the spatial autocorrelation of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn was weak, with island-shaped distribution, while As, Cr, Cu, and Ni had medium spatial autocorrelation, with strip-shaped and island-shaped distribution. The hot spot analysis and environmental risk probability showed that the environmental risks of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cu were relatively high, whereas those of Cr, Hg, and Ni were relatively low. Safe utilization zones and basic safe utilization zones accounted for 89.35% and 8.58% of the total farmland area in Jinhua, respectively, and only a small part of the farmland soil was at risk of use.

Suggested Citation

  • Weiwei Guo & Tao Wu & Guojun Jiang & Lijie Pu & Jianzhen Zhang & Fei Xu & Hongmei Yu & Xuefeng Xie, 2021. "Spatial Distribution, Environmental Risk and Safe Utilization Zoning of Soil Heavy Metals in Farmland, Subtropical China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:6:p:569-:d:564080
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Li Tan & Bin Yang & Zhibin Xue & Zhanqi Wang, 2021. "Assessing Heavy Metal Contamination Risk in Soil and Water in the Core Water Source Area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-24, September.
    2. Ping Li & Tao Wu & Guojun Jiang & Lijie Pu & Yan Li & Jianzhen Zhang & Fei Xu & Xuefeng Xie, 2021. "An Integrated Approach for Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Subtropical Agricultural Soils, Eastern China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, September.
    3. Fei Xu & Yaping Shao & Baogen Xu & Huan Li & Xuefeng Xie & Yan Xu & Lijie Pu, 2023. "Evaluation and Zoning of Cultivated Land Quality Based on a Space–Function–Environment," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-20, January.
    4. Hua Wang & Wuyan Li & Congmou Zhu & Xiaobo Tang, 2021. "Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Land of Different Quality Grades in Yangtze River Delta of China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-17, September.
    5. Fuwei Qiao & Yongping Bai & Lixia Xie & Xuedi Yang & Shuaishuai Sun, 2021. "Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Landscape Ecological Risks in the Ecological Functional Zone of the Upper Yellow River, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-19, December.

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