IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jjrfmx/v17y2024i7p275-d1426473.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Impact of Economic Growth on the Ecological Environment and Renewable Energy Production: Evidence from Azerbaijan and Hungary

Author

Listed:
  • Sugra Ingilab Humbatova

    (Economics Department, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Istiglaliyyat Street 6, AZ1001 Baku, Azerbaijan)

  • Nargiz Hajiyeva

    (Political Scientist, Women Researchers Council, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Istiglaliyyat Street 6, AZ1001 Baku, Azerbaijan)

  • Monika Garai Fodor

    (Political Scientist, Women Researchers Council, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Istiglaliyyat Street 6, AZ1001 Baku, Azerbaijan
    Kelety Karoly Business and Management Faculty, Obuda University, Tavaszmező u. 15-17, 1086 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Kiran Sood

    (Political Scientist, Women Researchers Council, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Istiglaliyyat Street 6, AZ1001 Baku, Azerbaijan
    Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
    Department of Finance and Banking, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Uşak, Uşak 64200, Turkey)

  • Simon Grima

    (Department of Insurance and Risk Management, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accountancy, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
    Faculty of Business, Management and Economics, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia)

Abstract

This article reflects on the necessity of employing renewable energy sources in the modern era to mitigate the negative environmental impact caused by traditional energy sources and address environmental pollution. Through research conducted in Azerbaijan and Hungary, it analyses the influence of economic growth on the ecological environment and renewable energy production. Due to limitations in the general dataset, the study considers the period of 1997–2022 for CO 2 emissions causing environmental pollution, 2007–2022 for renewable energy production in Azerbaijan, and 2000–2021 for the same in Hungary. Information regarding wind and solar energy in Azerbaijan has been available since 2013. Temporal sequences have been utilised in the research, employing Augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Perron (PP) unit root tests to examine the stationarity of the time series. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model has been constructed, and the credibility of the model has been verified using Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) models. The findings reveal that in Azerbaijan, the long-term impact of economic growth on hydro-energy has been negative, while dependence on biomass and waste has been insignificant but positive. The influence on wind and solar energy production has also been negative and insignificant, akin to hydro-energy production. However, energy supply from renewable sources has been positively affected by the aggregate indicator of economic growth, albeit insignificantly. The impact of economic growth on carbon dioxide has been significant in two magnitudes, whereas in other cases, it has been insignificant but positive. In Hungary, economic growth has positively affected renewable energy production. However, the impact on carbon dioxide has been negative, meaning that this indicator has decreased as economic growth has increased. The study concludes that the impact of economic growth on indicators of both countries has been more effective in Hungary, which can be attributed to economic development.

Suggested Citation

  • Sugra Ingilab Humbatova & Nargiz Hajiyeva & Monika Garai Fodor & Kiran Sood & Simon Grima, 2024. "The Impact of Economic Growth on the Ecological Environment and Renewable Energy Production: Evidence from Azerbaijan and Hungary," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-26, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:17:y:2024:i:7:p:275-:d:1426473
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/17/7/275/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/17/7/275/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stock, James H & Watson, Mark W, 1993. "A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 61(4), pages 783-820, July.
    2. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    3. Johansen, Soren, 1988. "Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 12(2-3), pages 231-254.
    4. Peter C. B. Phillips & Bruce E. Hansen, 1990. "Statistical Inference in Instrumental Variables Regression with I(1) Processes," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 57(1), pages 99-125.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Herzer Dierk, 2022. "Semi-endogenous Versus Schumpeterian Growth Models: A Critical Review of the Literature and New Evidence," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 73(1), pages 1-55, April.
    2. Ansgar Belke & Robert Czudaj, 2010. "Is Euro Area Money Demand (Still) Stable? Cointegrated VAR Versus Single Equation Techniques," Applied Economics Quarterly (formerly: Konjunkturpolitik), Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, vol. 56(4), pages 285-315.
    3. Ekaterini Panopoulou, 2005. "A Resolution of the Fisher Effect Puzzle: A Comparison of Estimators," Money Macro and Finance (MMF) Research Group Conference 2005 18, Money Macro and Finance Research Group.
    4. G. Everaert, 2007. "Estimating Long-Run Relationships between Observed Integrated Variables by Unobserved Component Methods," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 07/452, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    5. Kuo, Biing-Shen, 1998. "Test for partial parameter instability in regressions with I(1) processes," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 86(2), pages 337-368, June.
    6. Alola, Andrew Adewale & Akadiri, Seyi Saint, 2021. "Clean energy development in the United States amidst augmented socioeconomic aspects and country-specific policies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 221-230.
    7. Hahn, Jaehoon & Lee, Hangyong, 2006. "Interpreting the predictive power of the consumption-wealth ratio," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 183-202, March.
    8. Ang, James B., 2008. "What are the mechanisms linking financial development and economic growth in Malaysia," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 38-53, January.
    9. Koçak Emrah & Uzay Nısfet, 2019. "The effect of financial development on income inequality in Turkey: An estimate of the Greenwood-Jovanovic hypothesis," Review of Economic Perspectives, Sciendo, vol. 19(4), pages 319-344, December.
    10. Chang, Kai & Ge, Fangping & Zhang, Chao & Wang, Weihong, 2018. "The dynamic linkage effect between energy and emissions allowances price for regional emissions trading scheme pilots in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 415-425.
    11. Ms. Evridiki Tsounta, 2008. "What Attracts Tourists to Paradise?," IMF Working Papers 2008/277, International Monetary Fund.
    12. repec:zbw:rwirep:0171 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Ahmed Samour & Omar Ikbal Tawfik & Magdalena Radulescu & Cristina Florentina Baldan, 2023. "Do Oil Price, Renewable Energy, and Financial Development Matter for Environmental Quality in Oman? Novel Insights from Augmented ARDL Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-14, June.
    14. Vo, Duc Hong & Vo, Anh The & Ho, Chi Minh & Nguyen, Ha Minh, 2020. "The role of renewable energy, alternative and nuclear energy in mitigating carbon emissions in the CPTPP countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 278-292.
    15. Angeliki N. Menegaki, 2019. "The ARDL Method in the Energy-Growth Nexus Field; Best Implementation Strategies," Economies, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-16, October.
    16. Juan Carlos Aquino & N. R. Ramírez-Rondán, 2020. "Estimating factor shares from nonstationary panel data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 58(5), pages 2353-2380, May.
    17. Dierk Herzer, 2017. "The long-run effect of FDI on TFP in the United States," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 37(1), pages 568-578.
    18. Creti, Anna & Jouvet, Pierre-André & Mignon, Valérie, 2012. "Carbon price drivers: Phase I versus Phase II equilibrium?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 327-334.
    19. Warne, Anders, 2006. "Bayesian inference in cointegrated VAR models: with applications to the demand for euro area M3," Working Paper Series 692, European Central Bank.
    20. Venus Khim-Sen Liew & Ricky Chee-Jiun Chia & Tai-Hu Ling, 2010. "Long-run validity of purchasing power parity and rank tests for cointegration for Central Asian countries," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(11), pages 1073-1077.
    21. Wang, Yi-Hsien & Lee, Jun-De, 2012. "Estimating the import demand function for China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(6), pages 2591-2596.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:17:y:2024:i:7:p:275-:d:1426473. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.