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The Effect of Ethics in Business on Happiness, Aggressiveness and Inconsistency of Efforts and Rewards

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  • Saif Mahdi Muslim Al-Ameedee

    (Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran)

  • Mahdi Moradi

    (Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran)

Abstract

The present study investigates the effect of business ethics on happiness, aggression and inconsistency of effort and reward of auditors in Iran and Iraq. The statistical population of the present study includes all partners, managers and auditors working in audit institutions in Iran and partners of the audit institutions, assistant auditors, auditors, individual second rank and individual first rank, with a total of 365 questionnaires completed by Iranian respondents out of 450 questionnaires and 250 questionnaires completed by Iraqi respondents out of 350 questionnaires, a total of 615 questionnaires from the two countries in 2022. Also, the methods of variance analysis and ordinary least squares regression and Smart PLS 3 and Stata 15 software were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results from testing this research’s hypotheses indicate a negative and significant relationship between business ethics and aggression, effort-reward mismatch and a positive and significant relationship between business ethics and happiness. Since the current research was conducted in the emerging financial markets of Iran and Iraq, which are highly competitive, along with having special economic conditions, and since the occupation of the ISIS terrorist group, the civil wars in Iraq, severe world economic sanctions against Iran and the global crisis of Covid-19 in Iran and Iraq have led to special conditions, the current research can bring helpful information to readers and help the development of science and knowledge in this field.

Suggested Citation

  • Saif Mahdi Muslim Al-Ameedee & Mahdi Moradi, 2023. "The Effect of Ethics in Business on Happiness, Aggressiveness and Inconsistency of Efforts and Rewards," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:195-:d:1095971
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael Power, 2004. "The risk management of everything," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 5(3), pages 58-65, March.
    2. Benkraiem, Ramzi & Uyar, Ali & Kilic, Merve & Schneider, Friedrich, 2021. "Ethical behavior, auditing strength, and tax evasion: A worldwide perspective," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    3. Yidong Tu & Xinxin Lu, 2016. "Do Ethical Leaders Give Followers the Confidence to Go the Extra Mile? The Moderating Role of Intrinsic Motivation," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 135(1), pages 129-144, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shay Tsaban & Tal Shavit, 2024. "The Agency Problem of the Modern Era – The Conflict Between Shareholders’ and Managers’ Motives to Invest in Happiness," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 25(7), pages 1-18, October.

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