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Comparison of the Asymmetric Relationship between Bitcoin and Gold, Crude Oil, and the U.S. Dollar before and after the COVID-19 Outbreak

Author

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  • Yadong Liu

    (International College of Digital Innovation, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan 250013, China)

  • Nathee Naktnasukanjn

    (International College of Digital Innovation, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Anukul Tamprasirt

    (International College of Digital Innovation, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Tanarat Rattanadamrongaksorn

    (International College of Digital Innovation, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

Abstract

This paper aims to reveal the asymmetric co-integration relationship and asymmetric causality between Bitcoin and global financial assets, namely gold, crude oil and the US dollar, and make a comparison for their asymmetric relationship before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Empirical results show that there is no linear co-integration relationship between Bitcoin and global financial assets, but there are nonlinear co-integration relationships. There is an asymmetric co-integration relationship between the rise in Bitcoin prices and the decline in the US Dollar Index (USDX), and there is a nonlinear co-integration relationship between the decline of Bitcoin and the rise and decline in the prices of the three financial assets. To be specific, there is a Granger causality between Bitcoin and crude oil, but not between Bitcoin and gold/US dollar. Before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an Asymmetric Granger causality between the decline in gold prices and the rise in Bitcoin prices. After the outbreak of the pandemic, there is an asymmetric Granger causality between the decline in crude oil prices and the decline in Bitcoin prices. The COVID-19 epidemic has led to changes in the causality between Bitcoin and global financial assets. However, there is not a linear Granger causality between the US dollar and Bitcoin. Last, the practical implications of the findings are discussed here.

Suggested Citation

  • Yadong Liu & Nathee Naktnasukanjn & Anukul Tamprasirt & Tanarat Rattanadamrongaksorn, 2023. "Comparison of the Asymmetric Relationship between Bitcoin and Gold, Crude Oil, and the U.S. Dollar before and after the COVID-19 Outbreak," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:16:y:2023:i:10:p:455-:d:1264055
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jamal Bouoiyour & Refk Selmi, 2015. "What Does Bitcoin Look Like?," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 16(2), pages 449-492, November.
    2. Kang, Sang Hoon & McIver, Ron P. & Hernandez, Jose Arreola, 2019. "Co-movements between Bitcoin and Gold: A wavelet coherence analysis," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 536(C).
    3. Goodell, John W. & Goutte, Stephane, 2021. "Co-movement of COVID-19 and Bitcoin: Evidence from wavelet coherence analysis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    4. Baur, Dirk G. & Hong, KiHoon & Lee, Adrian D., 2018. "Bitcoin: Medium of exchange or speculative assets?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 177-189.
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    1. Alaminos, David & Salas-Compás, M. Belén & Fernández-Gámez, Manuel Á., 2024. "Can Bitcoin trigger speculative pressures on the US Dollar? A novel ARIMA-EGARCH-Wavelet Neural Networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 654(C).

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