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Assessing the Risk Characteristics of the Cryptocurrency Market: A GARCH-EVT-Copula Approach

Author

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  • Pascal Bruhn

    (International School of Finance (ISF), Nuertingen-Geislingen University, Sigmaringer Straße 25, 72622 Nürtingen, Germany)

  • Dietmar Ernst

    (International School of Finance (ISF), Nuertingen-Geislingen University, Sigmaringer Straße 25, 72622 Nürtingen, Germany)

Abstract

The cryptocurrency market offers significant investment opportunities but also entails higher risks as compared to other asset classes. This article aims to analyse the financial risk characteristics of individual cryptocurrencies and of a broad cryptocurrency market portfolio. We construct a portfolio comprising the 20 largest cryptocurrencies, which cover 82.1% of the total cryptocurrency market. The returns are examined for extreme tail risks by the application of Extreme Value Theory. We utilise the GARCH-EVT approach in combination with a novel algorithm to automatically determine the optimal threshold to model the tail distribution. Furthermore, we aggregate the individual market risks with a t-Student Copula to investigate possible diversification effects on a portfolio level. The empirical analysis indicates that all examined cryptocurrencies show high volatility in their price movements, whereby Bitcoin acts as the most stable cryptocurrency. All return distributions are heavy-tailed and subject to extreme tail risks. We find strong, positive intra-market correlations, in particular with the two largest cryptocurrencies Bitcoin and Ethereum. No diversification effect can be achieved by aggregating market risks. On the contrary, a negligibly lower expected return and higher joint extreme returns can be observed. From this analysis, it can be concluded that investments in individual cryptocurrencies as well as in a portfolio show extreme risks of losses. From the investor’s point of view, a possible strategy of risk reduction through portfolio formation within cryptocurrencies is only promising to a limited extent and does not offer a satisfactory solution to significantly reduce the risk within this asset class.

Suggested Citation

  • Pascal Bruhn & Dietmar Ernst, 2022. "Assessing the Risk Characteristics of the Cryptocurrency Market: A GARCH-EVT-Copula Approach," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-28, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:15:y:2022:i:8:p:346-:d:880717
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Thabani Ndlovu & Delson Chikobvu, 2024. "The GARCH-EVT-Copula Approach to Investigating Dependence and Quantifying Risk in a Portfolio of Bitcoin and the South African Rand," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-16, November.
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    4. Dietmar Ernst, 2023. "Risk Measures in Simulation-Based Business Valuation: Classification of Risk Measures in Risk Axiom Systems and Application in Valuation Practice," Risks, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-14, January.
    5. Paula Sarabando & Roge rio Matias & Pedro Vasconcelos & Tiago Miguel, 2023. "Financial literacy of Portuguese undergraduate students in polytechnics: does the area of the course influence financial literacy?," Journal of Economic Analysis, Anser Press, vol. 2(2), pages 96-113, April.

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