IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jjrfmx/v15y2022i10p462-d942506.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Do the Underlying Portfolios Matter? A Comparative Study of Equity-Linked Pay-at-Maturity Principal Protected Notes in Canada and the UK

Author

Listed:
  • Yuanshun Li

    (Ted Rogers School of Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada)

  • Scott Anderson

    (Ted Rogers School of Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada)

  • Patricia A. McGraw

    (Ted Rogers School of Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada)

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between the return and the holding cost of equity-linked pay-at-maturity principal protected notes (EL-PAM-PPNs) and the mean return and volatility of the underlying portfolio using 1568 EL-PAM-PPNs issued in the UK and Canada between 2003 and 2015. We find that: (i) the underlying portfolio’s mean return decreases the note holding cost; (ii) the underlying portfolio’s volatility increases the note return and decreases the note holding cost; (iii) investors could maximize note return and minimize holding costs by choosing EL-PAM-PPNs prudently. Investors in both countries should purchase notes with higher participation rates, where the underlying portfolio contains a higher number of stocks and lower expected volatility. UK investors should avoid callable notes and choose notes with a longer time to maturity, where payoff is determined by a single observation of the underlying portfolio’s value at maturity. Surprisingly, Canadian investors should choose callable notes and notes with a shorter time to maturity, where payoff is determined by the average of multiple observations of the underlying portfolio’s value over the life of the note. They should also look for notes that include a guaranteed positive return, and where the underlying asset has a higher dividend yield.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuanshun Li & Scott Anderson & Patricia A. McGraw, 2022. "Do the Underlying Portfolios Matter? A Comparative Study of Equity-Linked Pay-at-Maturity Principal Protected Notes in Canada and the UK," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-20, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:15:y:2022:i:10:p:462-:d:942506
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/15/10/462/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/15/10/462/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stoimenov, Pavel A. & Wilkens, Sascha, 2005. "Are structured products 'fairly' priced? An analysis of the German market for equity-linked instruments," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(12), pages 2971-2993, December.
    2. Philippe Bertrand & Jean-Luc Prigent, 2015. "French Retail Financial Structured Products: A Typology and Assessment of Their Fair Pricing," Bankers, Markets & Investors, ESKA Publishing, issue 135, pages 4-18, March-Apr.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bertrand, Philippe & Prigent, Jean-luc, 2019. "On the optimality of path-dependent structured funds: The cost of standardization," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 277(1), pages 333-350.
    2. Chen, K.C. & Wu, Lifan, 2007. "An anatomy of Bullish Underlying Linked Securities," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 34-46.
    3. Bertrand, Philippe & Prigent, Jean-luc, 2016. "Equilibrium of financial derivative markets under portfolio insurance constraints," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 52(PA), pages 278-291.
    4. Entrop, Oliver & Fischer, Georg & McKenzie, Michael & Wilkens, Marco & Winkler, Christoph, 2016. "How does pricing affect investors’ product choice? Evidence from the market for discount certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 195-215.
    5. Rodrigo Hernandez & Yingying Shao & Pu Liu, 2017. "Leverage Certificates - A Case of Innovative Financial Engineering," Review of Economics & Finance, Better Advances Press, Canada, vol. 9, pages 71-82, August.
    6. Rania HENTATI & Jean-Luc PRIGENT, 2010. "Structured Portfolio Analysis under SharpeOmega Ratio," EcoMod2010 259600073, EcoMod.
    7. Gola, Carlo & Ilari, Antonio, 2015. "Financial innovation oversight: a policy framework," Journal of Financial Perspectives, EY Global FS Institute, vol. 3(1), pages 59-100.
    8. Entrop, Oliver & Scholz, Hendrik & Wilkens, Marco, 2009. "The price-setting behavior of banks: An analysis of open-end leverage certificates on the German market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 874-882, May.
    9. Schertler, Andrea, 2016. "Pricing effects when competitors arrive: The case of discount certificates in Germany," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 84-99.
    10. Philippe Bertrand & Jean-Luc Prigent, 2015. "On Path-Dependent Structured Funds: Complexity Does Not Always Pay (Asian versus Average Performance Funds)," Finance, Presses universitaires de Grenoble, vol. 36(2), pages 67-105.
    11. Baule, Rainer & Münchhalfen, Patrick & Shkel, David & Tallau, Christian, 2023. "Fair-washing in the market for structured retail products? Voluntary self-regulation versus government regulation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    12. Rosella Castellano & Roy Cerqueti, 2013. "Roots and effects of financial misperception in a stochastic dominance framework," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 47(6), pages 3371-3389, October.
    13. Dierkes, Maik & Erner, Carsten & Zeisberger, Stefan, 2010. "Investment horizon and the attractiveness of investment strategies: A behavioral approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 1032-1046, May.
    14. Baller, Stefanie & Entrop, Oliver & Schober, Alexander & Wilkens, Marco, 2017. "What drives performance in the speculative market of short-term exchange-traded retail products?," Passauer Diskussionspapiere, Betriebswirtschaftliche Reihe B-26-17, University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    15. Gao, Tianjiao & Gupta, Aparna & Gulpinar, Nalan & Zhu, Yun, 2015. "Optimal hedging strategy for risk management on a network," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 16(C), pages 31-44.
    16. Kunz, Alexis H. & Messner, Claude & Wallmeier, Martin, 2017. "Investors’ risk perceptions of structured financial products with worst-of payout characteristics," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(C), pages 66-73.
    17. Shuonan Yuan & Marc Oliver Rieger, 2021. "Diversification with options and structured products," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 55-77, April.
    18. Gregor Dorfleitner & Anna Gerl & Johannes Gerer, 2018. "The pricing efficiency of exchange-traded commodities," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 255-284, January.
    19. Holger Fink & Stefan Mittnik, 2021. "Quanto Pricing beyond Black–Scholes," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-27, March.
    20. Veiga, Carlos & Wystup, Uwe, 2010. "Ratings of structured products and issuers' commitments," CPQF Working Paper Series 26, Frankfurt School of Finance and Management, Centre for Practical Quantitative Finance (CPQF).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:15:y:2022:i:10:p:462-:d:942506. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.