IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijfss/v10y2022i3p75-d904377.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimal Portfolios of National Currencies, Commodities and Fuel, Agricultural Commodities and Cryptocurrencies during the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict

Author

Listed:
  • Nikolaos A. Kyriazis

    (Department of Economics, University of Thessaly, 28th October Str. 78, 38333 Volos, Greece)

Abstract

This study sets out to explore the impacts of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on worldwide financial markets by considering a large array of national currencies, precious metals and fuel, agricultural commodities and cryptocurrencies. Estimations span the period since the Russian invasion until the takeover of the Ukrainian city of Mariupol. Optimal portfolios are constructed for separate categories of financial assets for different levels of risk-aversion by investors. The Chinese yuan, gold, corn, soybeans, sugar and Bitcoin prove to be safe haven investments while the Japanese yen, natural gas, wheat and the combination of Bitcoin and Ethereum offer profit opportunities for risk-seekers. Notably, the agricultural commodities’ portfolio is the best performing while the cryptocurrency portfolio generates the worst risk-return trade-off. National currencies could act as safe havens in the place of gold when all types of assets can be combined. Natural gas is revealed to be the most reliable profit generator. Overall, high risk appetite does not result in large improvement in portfolios’ returns. This study sheds light on investors’ optimal decision-making during elevated geopolitical uncertainties and provides a compass for improving welfare.

Suggested Citation

  • Nikolaos A. Kyriazis, 2022. "Optimal Portfolios of National Currencies, Commodities and Fuel, Agricultural Commodities and Cryptocurrencies during the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-24, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijfss:v:10:y:2022:i:3:p:75-:d:904377
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7072/10/3/75/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7072/10/3/75/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Będowska-Sójka, Barbara & Demir, Ender & Zaremba, Adam, 2022. "Hedging Geopolitical Risks with Different Asset Classes: A Focus on the Russian Invasion of Ukraine," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    2. Nguyen, Trang Thi Thuy & Pham, Binh Thai & Sala, Hector, 2022. "Being an emerging economy: To what extent do geopolitical risks hamper technology and FDI inflows?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 728-746.
    3. Yang, Cai & Niu, Zibo & Gao, Wang, 2022. "The time-varying effects of trade policy uncertainty and geopolitical risks shocks on the commodity market prices: Evidence from the TVP-VAR-SV approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    4. Kisswani, Khalid M. & Elian, Mohammad I., 2021. "Analyzing the (a)symmetric impacts of oil price, economic policy uncertainty, and global geopolitical risk on exchange rate," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 24(C).
    5. Razek, Noha H.A. & McQuinn, Brian, 2021. "Saudi Arabia's currency misalignment and international competitiveness, accounting for geopolitical risks and the super-contango oil market," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    6. Iyke, Bernard Njindan & Phan, Dinh Hoang Bach & Narayan, Paresh Kumar, 2022. "Exchange rate return predictability in times of geopolitical risk," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Almeida, José & Gaio, Cristina & Gonçalves, Tiago Cruz, 2024. "Crypto market relationships with bric countries' uncertainty – A wavelet-based approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    2. Hongjun Zeng & Abdullahi D. Ahmed & Ran Lu, 2024. "The Bitcoin‐agricultural commodities nexus: Fresh insight from COVID‐19 and 2022 Russia–Ukraine war," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 68(3), pages 653-677, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Anna A. Gainetdinova, 2023. "Asymmetric Impact of Geopolitical Risk and Economic Policy Uncertainty on Russian Ruble Exchange Rate," Journal of Applied Economic Research, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, vol. 22(2), pages 270-293.
    2. Ding, Shusheng & Wang, Kaihao & Cui, Tianxiang & Du, Min, 2023. "The time-varying impact of geopolitical risk on natural resource prices: The post-COVID era evidence," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
    3. Wu, Jie & Zhao, Ruizeng & Sun, Jiasen & Zhou, Xuewei, 2023. "Impact of geopolitical risks on oil price fluctuations: Based on GARCH-MIDAS model," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    4. He, Zhifang & Sun, Hao, 2024. "The time-varying and asymmetric impacts of oil price shocks on geopolitical risk," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 942-957.
    5. Bouri, Elie & Gök, Remzi & Gemi̇ci̇, Eray & Kara, Erkan, 2024. "Do geopolitical risk, economic policy uncertainty, and oil implied volatility drive assets across quantiles and time-horizons?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 137-154.
    6. Tamilselvan, M. & Halder, Abhishek & Kannadhasan, M., 2024. "Exploring the ingredients, mixtures, and inclinations of geopolitical risk," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 187-206.
    7. Zhang, Zhikai & Wang, Yudong & Xiao, Jihong & Zhang, Yaojie, 2023. "Not all geopolitical shocks are alike: Identifying price dynamics in the crude oil market under tensions," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    8. Kayani, Umar Nawaz & Hassan, M. Kabir & Moussa, Faten & Hossain, Gazi Farid, 2023. "Oil in crisis: What can we learn," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 28(C).
    9. Sohag, Kazi & Sokhanvar, Amin & Belyaeva, Zhanna & Mirnezami, Seyed Reza, 2022. "Hydrocarbon prices shocks, fiscal stability and consolidation: Evidence from Russian Federation," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    10. Khan, Nasir & Mejri, Sami & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2024. "How do global commodities react to increasing geopolitical risks? New insights into the Russia-Ukraine and Palestine-Israel conflicts," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    11. Gao, Wang & Wei, Jiajia & Zhang, Hongwei & Zhang, Haizhen, 2024. "The higher-order moments connectedness between rare earth and clean energy markets and the role of geopolitical risk:New insights from a TVP-VAR framework," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    12. Sudeshna Ghosh & Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo, 2024. "The effect of world policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk factors on export-led growth for Japan: novel insights by wavelet local multiple correlation methods," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 3605-3633, August.
    13. Yang, Cai & Zhang, Hongwei & Qin, Yun & Niu, Zibo, 2024. "Partisan conflict, trade policy uncertainty, and the energy market," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    14. Lili Pan & Lin Wang & Qianqian Feng, 2022. "A Bibliometric Analysis of Risk Management in Foreign Direct Investment: Insights and Implications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, June.
    15. Raza, Syed Ali & Guesmi, Khaled & Benkraiem, Ramzi & Anwar, Rija, 2024. "Precious metals and currency markets during the Russia-Ukraine conflict’s inflationary periods," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PA).
    16. Kamal, Javed Bin & Wohar, Mark & Kamal, Khaled Bin, 2022. "Do gold, oil, equities, and currencies hedge economic policy uncertainty and geopolitical risks during covid crisis?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    17. Banna, Hasanul & Alam, Ashraful & Chen, Xihui Haviour & Alam, Ahmed W., 2023. "Energy security and economic stability: The role of inflation and war," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    18. Zhong, Yufei & Chen, Xuesheng & Wang, Chengfang & Wang, Zhixian & Zhang, Yuchen, 2023. "The hedging performance of green bond markets in China and the U.S.: Novel evidence from cryptocurrency uncertainty," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    19. Konstantinos D. Melas & Anastasia Faitatzoglou & Nektarios A. Michail & Anastasia Artemiou, 2024. "Volatility Spillovers among the Major Commodities: A Review," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-36, August.
    20. Choi, Sangyup & Havel, Jiri, 2025. "Geopolitical risk and U.S. foreign portfolio investment: A tale of advanced and emerging markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijfss:v:10:y:2022:i:3:p:75-:d:904377. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.