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Applying Factor Analysis Combined with Kriging and Information Entropy Theory for Mapping and Evaluating the Stability of Groundwater Quality Variation in Taiwan

Author

Listed:
  • Guey-Shin Shyu

    (Department of Environmental Management, Tungnan University, Taipei County 222, Taiwan)

  • Bai-You Cheng

    (Ecological Engineering Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan)

  • Chi-Ting Chiang

    (Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan)

  • Pei-Hsuan Yao

    (Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan)

  • Tsun-Kuo Chang

    (Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan)

Abstract

In Taiwan many factors, whether geological parent materials, human activities, and climate change, can affect the groundwater quality and its stability. This work combines factor analysis and kriging with information entropy theory to interpret the stability of groundwater quality variation in Taiwan between 2005 and 2007. Groundwater quality demonstrated apparent differences between the northern and southern areas of Taiwan when divided by the Wu River. Approximately 52% of the monitoring wells in southern Taiwan suffered from progressing seawater intrusion, causing unstable groundwater quality. Industrial and livestock wastewaters also polluted 59.6% of the monitoring wells, resulting in elevated EC and TOC concentrations in the groundwater. In northern Taiwan, domestic wastewaters polluted city groundwater, resulting in higher NH 3 -N concentration and groundwater quality instability was apparent among 10.3% of the monitoring wells. The method proposed in this study for analyzing groundwater quality inspects common stability factors, identifies potential areas influenced by common factors, and assists in elevating and reinforcing information in support of an overall groundwater management strategy.

Suggested Citation

  • Guey-Shin Shyu & Bai-You Cheng & Chi-Ting Chiang & Pei-Hsuan Yao & Tsun-Kuo Chang, 2011. "Applying Factor Analysis Combined with Kriging and Information Entropy Theory for Mapping and Evaluating the Stability of Groundwater Quality Variation in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-26, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:8:y:2011:i:4:p:1084-1109:d:11998
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Henry Kaiser, 1958. "The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 23(3), pages 187-200, September.
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    1. Nura Umar Kura & Mohammad Firuz Ramli & Wan Nur Azmin Sulaiman & Shaharin Ibrahim & Ahmad Zaharin Aris & Adamu Mustapha, 2013. "Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Groundwater Chemistry in a Small Tropical Island of Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-21, May.
    2. R. K. Raman & M. Bhor & R. K. Manna & S. Samanta & B. K. Das, 2023. "Statistical and geostatistical modelling approach for spatio-temporal assessment of river water quality: a case study from lower stretch of River Ganga," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(9), pages 9963-9989, September.

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