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Genotoxicity of Air Borne Particulates Assessed by Comet and the Salmonella Mutagenicity Test in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Sufian M. ElAssouli

    (Medical Biology Department, 2Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80205, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohamed H. AlQahtani

    (Medical Biology Department, 2Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80205, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Waleed Milaat

    (Medical Biology Department, 2Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80205, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Fine airborne respirable particulates less than 10 micrometer (PM10) are considered one of the top environmental public health concerns, since they contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are among the major carcinogenic compounds found in urban air. The objective of this study is to assess the genotoxicity of the ambient PM10 collected at 11 urban sites in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The PM10 extractable organic matter (EOM) was examined for its genotoxicity by the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) comet assay and the Salmonella mutagenicity (Ames) test .Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to quantify 16 PAH compounds in four sites. Samples from oil refinery and heavy diesel vehicles traffic sites showed significant DNA damage causing comet in 20-44% of the cells with tail moments ranging from 0.5-2.0 compared to samples from petrol driven cars and residential area, with comet in less than 2% of the cells and tail moments of 3 , mean while residential and reference sites caused 2-15 rev /m 3 . The genotoxicity of the EOM in both tests directly correlated with the amount of organic particulate and the PAHs concentrations in the air samples. The PAHs concentrations ranged between 0.83 ng/m 3 in industrial and heavy diesel vehicles traffic sites to 0.18 ng /m 3 in the residential area. Benzo(ghi)pyrene was the major PAH components and at one site it represented 65.4 % of the total PAHs. Samples of the oil refinery site were more genotoxic in the SCGE assay than samples from the heavy diesel vehicles traffic site, despite the fact that both sites contain almost similar amount of PAHs. The opposite was true for the mutagenicity in the Ames test. This could be due to the nature of the EOM in both sites. These findings confirm the genotoxic potency of the PM10 organic extracts to which urban populations are exposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Sufian M. ElAssouli & Mohamed H. AlQahtani & Waleed Milaat, 2007. "Genotoxicity of Air Borne Particulates Assessed by Comet and the Salmonella Mutagenicity Test in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-8, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:4:y:2007:i:3:p:216-223:d:2346
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    Cited by:

    1. Marta Gea & Sara Bonetta & Daniele Marangon & Francesco Antonio Pitasi & Caterina Armato & Giorgio Gilli & Fabrizio Bert & Marco Fontana & Tiziana SchilirĂ², 2021. "In Vitro Effects of Particulate Matter Associated with a Wildland Fire in the North-West of Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Muhammad Abu-Elmagd & Mansour A. Alghamdi & Magdy Shamy & Mamdouh I. Khoder & Max Costa & Mourad Assidi & Roaa Kadam & Haneen Alsehli & Mamdooh Gari & Peter Natesan Pushparaj & Gauthaman Kalamegam & M, 2017. "Evaluation of the Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter on Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs): Cellular, Molecular and Systems Biological Approaches," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-14, April.

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