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Evaluation of the Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter on Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs): Cellular, Molecular and Systems Biological Approaches

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Abu-Elmagd

    (Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    These authors contributed equally to this paper.)

  • Mansour A. Alghamdi

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    These authors contributed equally to this paper.)

  • Magdy Shamy

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mamdouh I. Khoder

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Max Costa

    (New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY 10987, USA)

  • Mourad Assidi

    (Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Roaa Kadam

    (Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Haneen Alsehli

    (Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mamdooh Gari

    (Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Peter Natesan Pushparaj

    (Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Gauthaman Kalamegam

    (Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    These authors contributed equally to this paper.)

  • Mohammed H. Al-Qahtani

    (Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) contains heavy metals that affect various cellular functions and gene expression associated with a range of acute and chronic diseases in humans. However, the specific effects they exert on the stem cells remain unclear. Here, we report the effects of PM collected from the city of Jeddah on proliferation, cell death, related gene expression and systems of biological analysis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), with the aim of understanding the underlying mechanisms. PM 2.5 and PM 10 were tested in vitro at various concentrations (15 to 300 µg/mL) and durations (24 to 72 h). PMs induced cellular stress including membrane damage, shrinkage and death. Lower concentrations of PM 2.5 increased proliferation of BM-MSCs, while higher concentrations served to decrease it. PM 10 decreased BM-MSCs proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The X-ray fluorescence spectrometric analysis showed that PM contains high levels of heavy metals. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and hierarchical clustering analyses demonstrated that heavy metals were associated with signaling pathways involving cell stress/death, cancer and chronic diseases. qRT-PCR results showed differential expression of the apoptosis genes (BCL2, BAX); inflammation associated genes (TNF-α and IL-6) and the cell cycle regulation gene (p53). We conclude that PM causes inflammation and cell death, and thereby predisposes to chronic debilitating diseases.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Abu-Elmagd & Mansour A. Alghamdi & Magdy Shamy & Mamdouh I. Khoder & Max Costa & Mourad Assidi & Roaa Kadam & Haneen Alsehli & Mamdooh Gari & Peter Natesan Pushparaj & Gauthaman Kalamegam & M, 2017. "Evaluation of the Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter on Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs): Cellular, Molecular and Systems Biological Approaches," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:4:p:440-:d:96296
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tatiane Morais Ferreira & Maria Cristina Forti & Clarice Umbelino De Freitas & Felipe Parra Nascimento & Washington Leite Junger & Nelson Gouveia, 2016. "Effects of Particulate Matter and Its Chemical Constituents on Elderly Hospital Admissions Due to Circulatory and Respiratory Diseases," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-11, September.
    2. Sufian M. ElAssouli & Mohamed H. AlQahtani & Waleed Milaat, 2007. "Genotoxicity of Air Borne Particulates Assessed by Comet and the Salmonella Mutagenicity Test in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-8, September.
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