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Olive Mill Wastewater Extract: In Vitro Genotoxicity/Antigenotoxicity Assessment on HepaRG Cells

Author

Listed:
  • Tommaso Rondini

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy)

  • Raffaella Branciari

    (Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy)

  • Edoardo Franceschini

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy)

  • Mattia Acito

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy)

  • Cristina Fatigoni

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy)

  • Rossana Roila

    (Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy)

  • David Ranucci

    (Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy)

  • Milena Villarini

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy)

  • Roberta Galarini

    (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy)

  • Massimo Moretti

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy)

Abstract

Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), with its high level of phenolic compounds, simultaneously represents a serious environmental challenge and a great resource with potential nutraceutical activities. To increase the knowledge of OMWW’s biological effects, with an aim to developing a food supplement, we performed a chemical characterisation of the extract using the Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole Time-of-flight spectrometry (LC–QTOF) and an in vitro genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity assessment on HepaRG ™ cells. Chemical analysis revealed that the most abundant phenolic compound was hydroxytyrosol. Biological tests showed that the extract was not cytotoxic at the lowest tested concentrations (from 0.25 to 2.5 mg/mL), unlike the highest concentrations (from 5 to 20 mg/mL). Regarding genotoxic activity, when tested at non-cytotoxic concentrations, the extract did not display any effect. Additionally, the lowest tested OMWW concentrations showed antigenotoxic activity (J-shaped dose–response effect) against a known mutagenic substance, reducing the extent of DNA damage in the co-exposure treatment. The antigenotoxic effect was also obtained in the post-exposure procedure, although only at the extract concentrations of 0.015625 and 0.03125 mg/mL. This behaviour was not confirmed in the pre-exposure protocol. In conclusion, the present study established a maximum non-toxic OMWW extract dose for the HepaRG cell model, smoothing the path for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Tommaso Rondini & Raffaella Branciari & Edoardo Franceschini & Mattia Acito & Cristina Fatigoni & Rossana Roila & David Ranucci & Milena Villarini & Roberta Galarini & Massimo Moretti, 2024. "Olive Mill Wastewater Extract: In Vitro Genotoxicity/Antigenotoxicity Assessment on HepaRG Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(8), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:8:p:1050-:d:1452957
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Milena Villarini & Mattia Acito & Raffaella di Vito & Samuele Vannini & Luca Dominici & Cristina Fatigoni & Rita Pagiotti & Massimo Moretti, 2021. "Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Artichoke Leaf Extracts in Human HT-29 and RKO Colon Cancer Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Mattia Acito & Carla Russo & Cristina Fatigoni & Federica Mercanti & Massimo Moretti & Milena Villarini, 2022. "Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Senecio vulgaris L. Extracts: An In Vitro Assessment in HepG2 Liver Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-9, November.
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