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Characterizing Multimorbidity Prevalence and Adverse Outcomes in Ethnically and Culturally Diverse Sub-Populations in India: Gaps, Opportunities, and Future Directions

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  • Preeti Pushpalata Zanwar

    (Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
    Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
    Jie Du Center for Innovation and Excellence for Drug Development, University of Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
    The National Institutes on Aging (NIA) Funded Network on Education, Biosocial Pathways, and Dementia in Diverse Populations (EBDDP), College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Robyn Taylor

    (National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, GA 30030, USA)

  • Tanisha G. Hill-Jarrett

    (Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
    Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco & Trinity College Dublin, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA)

  • Elena Tsoy

    (Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
    Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco & Trinity College Dublin, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA)

  • Jason D. Flatt

    (School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA)

  • Zunera Mirza

    (National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, GA 30030, USA)

  • Carl V. Hill

    (Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL 60601, USA)

  • Arokiasamy Perianayagam

    (Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

Abstract

India is a large middle-income country and has surpassed China in overall population, comprising 20% of the global population (over 1.43 billion people). India is experiencing a major demographic shift in its aging population. Chronic diseases are common among older adults and can be persistent over the life course, lead to the onset of disability, and be costly. Among older adults in India, the existence of multiple comorbid chronic conditions (i.e., multimorbidity) is rapidly growing and represents a burgeoning public health burden. Prior research identified greater rates of multimorbidity (e.g., overweight/obesity diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and malignancies) in minority populations in the United States (U.S.); however, limited studies have attempted to characterize multimorbidity among older adult sub-populations residing in India. To address this gap, we conducted a narrative review of studies on multimorbidity using the data from the Longitudinal Aging Study of India (LASI), the largest nationally representative longitudinal survey study of adults in India. Our definition of multimorbidity was the presence of more than two conditions in the same person. Our findings, based on 15 reviewed studies, aim to (1) characterize the definition and measurement of multimorbidity and to ascertain its prevalence in ethnically and culturally diverse sub-populations in India; (2) identify adverse outcomes associated with multimorbidity in the Indian adult population; and (3) identify gaps, opportunities, and future directions.

Suggested Citation

  • Preeti Pushpalata Zanwar & Robyn Taylor & Tanisha G. Hill-Jarrett & Elena Tsoy & Jason D. Flatt & Zunera Mirza & Carl V. Hill & Arokiasamy Perianayagam, 2024. "Characterizing Multimorbidity Prevalence and Adverse Outcomes in Ethnically and Culturally Diverse Sub-Populations in India: Gaps, Opportunities, and Future Directions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(3), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:3:p:327-:d:1355107
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sanghamitra Pati & Abhinav Sinha & Shishirendu Ghosal & Sushmita Kerketta & John Tayu Lee & Srikanta Kanungo, 2022. "Family-Level Multimorbidity among Older Adults in India: Looking through a Syndemic Lens," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Peifeng Hu & Serena Wang & Jinkook Lee, 2017. "Socioeconomic gradients of cardiovascular risk factors in China and India: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study and longitudinal aging study in India," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 62(7), pages 763-773, September.
    3. Abhinav Sinha & Sushmita Kerketta & Shishirendu Ghosal & Srikanta Kanungo & John Tayu Lee & Sanghamitra Pati, 2022. "Multimorbidity and Complex Multimorbidity in India: Findings from the 2017–2018 Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-13, July.
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