IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v21y2024i10p1379-d1501616.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Impact of Ecological Footprint, Urbanization, Education, Health Expenditure, and Industrialization on Child Mortality: Insights for Environment and Public Health in Eastern Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Gheorghe H. Popescu

    (Department of Finance, Banking and Accounting, Faculty of Finance, Banking and Accounting, ”Dimitrie Cantemir” Christian University, 030134 Bucharest, Romania
    Doctoral School of Economics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Elvira Nica

    (Department of Administration and Public Management, Faculty of Administration and Public Management, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Piața Romană, 6, 010374 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Tomas Kliestik

    (Department of Economics, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia)

  • Cristina Alpopi

    (Department of Administration and Public Management, Faculty of Administration and Public Management, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Piața Romană, 6, 010374 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Ana-Madalina Potcovaru Bîgu

    (Department of Administration and Public Management, Faculty of Administration and Public Management, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Piața Romană, 6, 010374 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Sorin-Cristian Niță

    (UNESCO Chair for Business Administration, Faculty of Business Administration in Foreign Languages, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Piața Romană, 6, 010374 Bucharest, Romania)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the connection between child mortality in Eastern Europe and ecological footprint, urbanization, education, health expenditure, and industrialization. The study acknowledges the significance of understanding how these factors influence the infant mortality rates in this region from 1993 to 2022. The Grossman Health Outcome (H-O) model investigates the theoretical framework. For the existence of the cross-sectional dependency, mixed-order unit root, and cointegration problem, the famous Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) approach is applied. The research also used the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG) to check robustness. The findings illustrated that health expenditure and education lessen the infant mortality rate in Eastern European countries. But ecological footprint, industrialization and unemployment raise the infant mortality rate. According to the CS-ARDL findings, expenditure on healthcare significantly reduces child mortality. Still, the ecological footprint significantly impacts increasing child mortality. However, the AMG and CCEMG models demonstrate that investing in education is the most effective strategy for reducing child mortality. Therefore, the government of Eastern European countries should provide more priorities in the sustainable urbanization, health expenditure, and education sectors. The robustness of the AMG and CCEMG also demonstrated the strength of the CS-ARDL findings. This research paper contributes to SDG 3 by examining the environmental and health factors that influence child mortality in Eastern Europe. Policymakers, public health professionals, and other stakeholders can use the findings to inform the development and implementation of programs that specifically target the identified causes of child mortality.

Suggested Citation

  • Gheorghe H. Popescu & Elvira Nica & Tomas Kliestik & Cristina Alpopi & Ana-Madalina Potcovaru Bîgu & Sorin-Cristian Niță, 2024. "The Impact of Ecological Footprint, Urbanization, Education, Health Expenditure, and Industrialization on Child Mortality: Insights for Environment and Public Health in Eastern Europe," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(10), pages 1-20, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:10:p:1379-:d:1501616
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/10/1379/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/10/1379/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert M. Gonzalez & Donna Gilleskie, 2017. "Infant Mortality Rate as a Measure of a Country’s Health: A Robust Method to Improve Reliability and Comparability," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 54(2), pages 701-720, April.
    2. Eberhardt, Markus & Presbitero, Andrea F., 2015. "Public debt and growth: Heterogeneity and non-linearity," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(1), pages 45-58.
    3. Damiaan Persyn & Joakim Westerlund, 2008. "Error-correction–based cointegration tests for panel data," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 8(2), pages 232-241, June.
    4. Hashem Pesaran, M. & Yamagata, Takashi, 2008. "Testing slope homogeneity in large panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 50-93, January.
    5. Wanamaker, Marianne H., 2012. "Industrialization and Fertility in the Nineteenth Century: Evidence from South Carolina," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 72(1), pages 168-196, March.
    6. Gerdtham, Ulf-G. & Johannesson, Magnus, 2003. "A note on the effect of unemployment on mortality," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 505-518, May.
    7. Pierre‐Yves Crémieux & Pierre Ouellette & Caroline Pilon, 1999. "Health care spending as determinants of health outcomes," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 8(7), pages 627-639, November.
    8. Onanuga, Olaronke & Onanuga, Abayomi, 2014. "Economics of the Environment and Infant Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa," MPRA Paper 83323, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Girmay Tsegay Kiross & Catherine Chojenta & Daniel Barker & Tenaw Yimer Tiruye & Deborah Loxton, 2019. "The effect of maternal education on infant mortality in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(7), pages 1-12, July.
    10. Nguyen-Phung, Hang Thu, 2023. "The impact of maternal education on child mortality: Evidence from an increase tuition fee policy in Vietnam," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    11. Lucia Hanmer & Robert Lensink & Howard White, 2003. "Infant and child mortality in developing countries: Analysing the data for Robust determinants," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(1), pages 101-118.
    12. George L. Wehby & Lucas G. Gimenez & Jorge S. López-Camelo, 2017. "The impact of unemployment cycles on child and maternal health in Argentina," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 62(2), pages 197-207, March.
    13. Eric Arthur & Hassan E. Oaikhenan, 2017. "The Effects of Health Expenditure on Health Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 29(3), pages 524-536, September.
    14. Xiaocang Xu & Haoran Yang & Chang Li, 2022. "Theoretical Model and Actual Characteristics of Air Pollution Affecting Health Cost: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-14, March.
    15. Jona Schellekens & Frans Poppel, 2012. "Marital Fertility Decline in the Netherlands: Child Mortality, Real Wages, and Unemployment, 1860–1939," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(3), pages 965-988, August.
    16. Sonalde Desai & Soumya Alva, 1998. "Maternal education and child health: Is there a strong causal relationship?," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 35(1), pages 71-81, February.
    17. Federman, Maya & Levine, David I., 2010. "Industrialization, pollution, and infant mortality," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(5), pages 557-584, October.
    18. Popescu, Gheorghe H. & Mieila, Mihai & Nica, Elvira & Andrei, Jean Vasile, 2018. "The emergence of the effects and determinants of the energy paradigm changes on European Union economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 768-774.
    19. Andrzej Bolesta, 2022. "From socialism to capitalism with communist characteristics: the building of a post-socialist developmental state in Central Asia," Post-Communist Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(1), pages 71-98, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nicholas M. Odhiambo & Talknice Saungweme, "undated". "Does International Tourism Spur International Trade In Ssa Countries? A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis," Working Papers AESRI07, African Economic and Social Research Institute (AESRI).
    2. Tajul Masron & Mduduzi Biyase & Talent Zwane & Thomas Udimal & Frederich Kirsten, 2023. "Ecological footprint and population health outcomes: an analysis of E7 countries," Economics Working Papers edwrg-07-2023, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, revised 2023.
    3. Quynh Chau Pham Holland & Benjamin Liu & Eduardo Roca, 2019. "International funding cost and heterogeneous mortgage interest-rate pass-through: a bank-level analysis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 1255-1289, October.
    4. Mduduzi Biyase & Tajul Ariffin Masron & Talent Zwane & Thomas Bilaliib Udimal & Frederich Kirsten, 2023. "Ecological Footprint and Population Health Outcomes: Evidence from E7 Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-18, May.
    5. Skare, Marinko & Ozturk, Ilhan & Porada-Rochoń, Małgorzata & Stjepanovic, Sasa, 2024. "Energy as the new frontier: Dynamic panel data analysis revealing energy's transformative role in economic growth and technological progress," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    6. Brantley Liddle & Fakhri Hasanov, 2022. "Industry electricity price and output elasticities for high-income and middle-income countries," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(3), pages 1293-1319, March.
    7. Husam Rjoub & Chuka Uzoma Ifediora & Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan & Benneth Chiemelie Iloka & João Xavier Rita & Rui Miguel Dantas & Mário Nuno Mata & José Moleiro Martins, 2021. "Implications of Governance, Natural Resources, and Security Threats on Economic Development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-18, June.
    8. Díaz Serrano, Lluís & Sackey, Frank G., 2016. "Do political regime transitions in Africa Matter for Citizens’ Health Status," Working Papers 2072/267086, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Economics.
    9. Abdul Rehman & Recep Ulucak & Hengyun Ma & Jing Ding & Junguo Hua, 2024. "The Interconnectedness of Land–Crops–Livestock and Environmental Quality in Emerging Asian Economies: Challenges of Agriculturalization and Carbonization," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-20, September.
    10. Munir Ahmad & Heng Li & Muhammad Khalid Anser & Abdul Rehman & Zeeshan Fareed & Qingyou Yan & Gul Jabeen, 2021. "Are the intensity of energy use, land agglomeration, CO2 emissions, and economic progress dynamically interlinked across development levels?," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(4), pages 690-721, June.
    11. Jan Polcyn & Liton Chandra Voumik & Mohammad Ridwan & Samrat Ray & Viktoriia Vovk, 2023. "Evaluating the Influences of Health Expenditure, Energy Consumption, and Environmental Pollution on Life Expectancy in Asia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-18, February.
    12. Sopani Gondwe & Tendai Gwatidzo & Nyasha Mahonye, 2023. "Impact of capital regulation on interest rate pass‐through in Sub‐Saharan Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 91(3), pages 351-374, September.
    13. Stephan Klasen & Simon Lange, 2011. "Getting Progress Right: Measuring Progress Towards the MDGs Against Historical Trends," Courant Research Centre: Poverty, Equity and Growth - Discussion Papers 87, Courant Research Centre PEG, revised 20 Feb 2012.
    14. Henry, Alexandre, 2019. "Transmission channels of the resource curse in Africa: A time perspective," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 13-20.
    15. Rizwana Siddiqui, 2008. "Income, Public Social Services, and Capability Development : A Cross-district Analysis of Pakistan," Development Economics Working Papers 22221, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    16. Yuda Kou & Iftikhar Yasin, 2024. "Navigating poverty in developing nations: unraveling the impact of political dynamics on sustainable well-being," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
    17. Melina Dritsaki & Chaido Dritsaki, 2024. "The Relationship Between Health Expenditure, CO2 Emissions, and Economic Growth in G7: Evidence from Heterogeneous Panel Data," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(1), pages 4886-4911, March.
    18. Luigi Maria Solivetti & Alessandra Mirone, 2014. "Learning for Life: A Cross-National Analysis Comparing Education with Other Determinants of Infant Mortality," Working Papers 3/14, Sapienza University of Rome, DISS.
    19. Simona Andreea Apostu & Mirela Panait & Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente & Diogo Ferraz & Irina Gabriela Rădulescu, 2022. "Energy Transition in Non-Euro Countries from Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence from Panel Vector Error Correction Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-21, December.
    20. Chuimin Kong & Jijian Zhang & Albert Henry Ntarmah & Yusheng Kong & Hong Zhao, 2022. "Carbon Neutrality in the Middle East and North Africa: The Roles of Renewable Energy, Economic Growth, and Government Effectiveness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-24, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:10:p:1379-:d:1501616. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.