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Improving Metabolic Syndrome in Ghanaian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes through a Home-Based Physical Activity Program: A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammed Amin

    (Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia)

  • Debra Kerr

    (Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia)

  • Yacoba Atiase

    (University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, National Diabetes Management and Research Centre, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra P.O. Box GP4236, Ghana)

  • Misbah Muhammad Samir

    (Physiotherapy Department, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra P.O. Box GP4236, Ghana)

  • Andrea Driscoll

    (Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia)

Abstract

There is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Physical activity has the potential to improve health outcomes for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Our study aim was to determine the effect of a 12-week culturally appropriate home-based physical activity program on metabolic syndrome markers and quality of life in Ghanaian adults with T2DM. A secondary objective was to examine the feasibility of implementing the PA program. A feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted. A purposive sample of 87 adults with T2DM at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana, were randomized into either the control group (CG) ( n = 43) or the intervention group (IG) ( n = 44). Participants in the IG received the physical activity program in addition to their usual diabetes care; those in the CG received their usual diabetes care. Measurements for feasibility, MetS markers, and quality of life (SF-12) were performed at baseline and 12-week follow-up. Following the 12-week program, participants in the IG showed a significant improvement in fasting blood glucose (2.4% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.05), waist circumference (5.4% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.05), and systolic blood pressure (9.8% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.05). There were no statistical differences between the IG and CG regarding high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure at the 12-week follow-up. Classification of MetS were reduced in the IG compared to the CG (51.2% vs. 83.3%, p < 0.05). The MetS severity score improved in the IG compared to the CG (8.8% vs. 0.5%, p < 0.05). The IG improved in two of the eight SF-12 dimensions (physical function and vitality, p < 0.05) compared to the CG. Thirty-two (72.7%) participants completed all 36 exercise sessions. Another 11 (25%) participants completed 80% of the exercise sessions. No adverse events were reported. In conclusion, a 12-week home-based physical activity program is feasible and safe. The intervention has the potential to improve MetS and quality of life in Ghanaian adults with T2DM. The preliminary findings of this study need to be confirmed in a large-scale multi-centre RCT.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammed Amin & Debra Kerr & Yacoba Atiase & Misbah Muhammad Samir & Andrea Driscoll, 2023. "Improving Metabolic Syndrome in Ghanaian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes through a Home-Based Physical Activity Program: A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:8:p:5518-:d:1123614
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Victor Mogre & Natalie A. Johnson & Flora Tzelepis & Christine Paul, 2019. "Barriers to diabetic self‐care: A qualitative study of patients’ and healthcare providers’ perspectives," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(11-12), pages 2296-2308, June.
    2. Alisa K. Lincoln & Amy Shepherd & Peggy L. Johnson & Carmen Castaneda-Sceppa, 2011. "The Impact of Resistance Exercise Training on the Mental Health of Older Puerto Rican Adults With Type 2 Diabetes," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 66(5), pages 567-570.
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