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Pollution Risk Prediction for Cadmium in Soil from an Abandoned Mine Based on Random Forest Model

Author

Listed:
  • Jie Cao

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Zhaohui Guo

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Yongjun Lv

    (Linxiang Station of Yueyang Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center, Linxiang 414300, China)

  • Man Xu

    (Linxiang Station of Yueyang Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center, Linxiang 414300, China)

  • Chiyue Huang

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Huizhi Liang

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

Abstract

It is highly uncertain as to the potential risk of toxic metal(loid)s in abandoned mine soil. In this study, random forest was used to predict the risk of cadmium pollution in the soils of an abandoned lead/zinc mine. The results showed that the random forest model is stable and precise for the pollution risk prediction of toxic metal(loid)s. The mean of Cd, Cu, Tl, Zn, and Pb was 6.02, 1.30, 1.18, 2.03, and 2.08 times higher than the soil background values of China, respectively, and their coefficients of variation were above 30%. As a case study, cadmium in the mine soil had “slope” hazard characteristics while the ore sorting area was the major source area of cadmium. The theoretical values of the random forest model are similar to the practical values for the ore sorting area, metallogenic belt, riparian zone, smelting area, hazardous waste landfill, and mining area. The potential risk of soil Cd in the ore sorting area, metallogenic belt, and riparian zone are extremely high. The tendency of pollution risk migrates significantly both from the ore sorting area to the smelting area and the mining area, and to the hazardous waste landfill. The correlation of soil pollution risk is significant between the mining area, the smelting area, and the riparian zone. The results suggested that the random forest model can effectively evaluate and predict the potential risk of the spatial heterogeneity of toxic metal(loid)s in abandoned mine soils.

Suggested Citation

  • Jie Cao & Zhaohui Guo & Yongjun Lv & Man Xu & Chiyue Huang & Huizhi Liang, 2023. "Pollution Risk Prediction for Cadmium in Soil from an Abandoned Mine Based on Random Forest Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:6:p:5097-:d:1096596
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Enjiang Yu & Hongyan Liu & Faustino Dinis & Qiuye Zhang & Peng Jing & Fang Liu & Xianhang Ju, 2022. "Contamination Evaluation and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Karst Soil Using UNMIX Model and Pb-Cd Isotopes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-23, September.
    2. Mengdie Qi & Yingjun Wu & Shu Zhang & Guiying Li & Taicheng An, 2023. "Pollution Profiles, Source Identification and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil near a Non-Ferrous Metal Smelting Plant," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-15, January.
    3. Hong-Wei Liao & Zhong-Cheng Jiang & Hong Zhou & Xiao-Qun Qin & Qi-Bo Huang & Liang Zhong & Zheng-Gong Pu, 2022. "Dissolved Heavy Metal Pollution and Assessment of a Karst Basin around a Mine, Southwest China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-16, November.
    4. Zhen Cai & Shaogang Lei & Yibo Zhao & Chuangang Gong & Weizhong Wang & Changchun Du, 2022. "Spatial Distribution and Migration Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Grassland Open-Pit Coal Mine Dump Soil Interface," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-17, April.
    5. Jeong-wook Seo & Young-seoub Hong, 2020. "Comparative Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Residents of Abandoned Metal Mines," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-16, August.
    6. Liang Xiao & Yong Zhou & He Huang & Yu-Jie Liu & Ke Li & Meng-Yao Li & Yang Tian & Fei Wu, 2020. "Application of Geostatistical Analysis and Random Forest for Source Analysis and Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Arable Land Soil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-19, December.
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