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Contamination Evaluation and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Karst Soil Using UNMIX Model and Pb-Cd Isotopes

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  • Enjiang Yu

    (College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)

  • Hongyan Liu

    (College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
    Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)

  • Faustino Dinis

    (College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)

  • Qiuye Zhang

    (College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)

  • Peng Jing

    (College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)

  • Fang Liu

    (College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)

  • Xianhang Ju

    (College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)

Abstract

Karst terrain is the typical area covered with a high background of heavy metals under geochemical anomaly. This research explored the accumulation of geochemical elements and soil sources in karst terrain from rock and soil exposed in carbonate areas. The comprehensive ecological risk and enrichment of heavy metals from parent rock weathered to soil was investigated in 11 formations in the carbonate and clastic areas of the Weining and Hezhang counties in northwest Guizhou. The single factor pollution index, geoaccumulation index, and the potential risk coefficient were used to assess the environmental risk. The results revealed that the heavy metals in an overall geologically high background level of soil in northwest Guizhou is at a slight risk level. However, except for Cd, the heavy metals did not exceed the standard pollution reference. Moreover, the UNMIX model and Cd and Pb isotopes were used to analyze the source of heavy metals, comprising of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), and the geochemical elements of silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca). The study showed that most elements in the soil carbonate area exceed the national standard, and the heavy metals in the soil showed a strong enrichment, while the major elements Si and Mg display strong loss. Heavy metal concentrations in soil in the carbonate area were higher than in the clastic area. Geological sources and atmospheric deposition were the main contributors to heavy metal concentrations in both carbonate and clastic areas, and their concentrations differ according to soils developing in different formations.

Suggested Citation

  • Enjiang Yu & Hongyan Liu & Faustino Dinis & Qiuye Zhang & Peng Jing & Fang Liu & Xianhang Ju, 2022. "Contamination Evaluation and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Karst Soil Using UNMIX Model and Pb-Cd Isotopes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-23, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12478-:d:930268
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gabriel M. Filippelli & Jessica Adamic & Deborah Nichols & John Shukle & Emeline Frix, 2018. "Mapping the Urban Lead Exposome: A Detailed Analysis of Soil Metal Concentrations at the Household Scale Using Citizen Science," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-11, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jie Cao & Zhaohui Guo & Yongjun Lv & Man Xu & Chiyue Huang & Huizhi Liang, 2023. "Pollution Risk Prediction for Cadmium in Soil from an Abandoned Mine Based on Random Forest Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-11, March.
    2. Huaming Du & Xinwei Lu, 2022. "Contamination and Probabilistic Ecological–Health Risk of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Urban Topsoil of Mianyang, SW China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-17, November.
    3. Yiqi Ma & Jing Ning & Hui Yang & Liankai Zhang & Can Xu & Chao Huang & Jianhong Liang, 2024. "Distribution Characteristics, Risk Assessment, and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soil of a Karst Area in Southwest China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-15, July.

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