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Prevalence of Dementia among Patients Hospitalized with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Spain, 2011–2020: Sex-Related Disparities and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Ana Lopez-de-Andres

    (Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Rodrigo Jimenez-Garcia

    (Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jose J. Zamorano-Leon

    (Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Ricardo Omaña-Palanco

    (Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • David Carabantes-Alarcon

    (Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Valentin Hernández-Barrera

    (Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

  • Javier De Miguel-Diez

    (Respiratory Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain)

  • Natividad Cuadrado-Corrales

    (Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

(1) Background: To assess changes in the prevalence of dementia among patients hospitalized with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), to analyze the effects of dementia on in-hospital mortality (IHM) in this population, to evaluate sex differences, and to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these parameters. (2) Methods: We used a nationwide discharge database to select all patients with T2DM aged 60 years or over admitted to Spanish hospitals from 2011 to 2020. We identified those with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). The effect of sex, age, comorbidity, and COVID-19 on the prevalence of dementia subtypes and on IHM was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. (3) Results: We identified 5,250,810 hospitalizations with T2DM. All-cause dementia was detected in 8.31%, AD in 3.00%, and VaD in 1.55%. The prevalence of all subtypes of dementia increased significantly over time. After multivariable adjustment, higher values were observed in women for all-cause dementia (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.33–1.35), AD (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.58–1.62), and VaD (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.11–1.14). However, female sex was a protective factor for IHM in patients with all-cause dementia (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.89–0.91), AD (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.86–0.91), and VaD (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–0.99). IHM among patients with dementia remained stable over time, until 2020, when it increased significantly. Higher age, greater comorbidity, and COVID-19 were associated with IHM in all dementia subtypes. (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of dementia (all-cause, AD, and VaD) in men and women with T2DM increased over time; however, the IHM remained stable until 2020, when it increased significantly, probably because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of dementia is higher in women than in men, although female sex is a protective factor for IHM.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Lopez-de-Andres & Rodrigo Jimenez-Garcia & Jose J. Zamorano-Leon & Ricardo Omaña-Palanco & David Carabantes-Alarcon & Valentin Hernández-Barrera & Javier De Miguel-Diez & Natividad Cuadrado-Corral, 2023. "Prevalence of Dementia among Patients Hospitalized with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Spain, 2011–2020: Sex-Related Disparities and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:6:p:4923-:d:1093843
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aaron Leong & Kaberi Dasgupta & Sasha Bernatsky & Diane Lacaille & Antonio Avina-Zubieta & Elham Rahme, 2013. "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Validation Studies on a Diabetes Case Definition from Health Administrative Records," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(10), pages 1-11, October.
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