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Understanding Determinants of Electronic Cigarette and Heated Tobacco Product Use among Young Adults in Lebanon: Prevention and Policy Implications

Author

Listed:
  • Sanaa Mugharbil

    (Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon)

  • Malak Tleis

    (Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon)

  • Maya Romani

    (Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon)

  • Ramzi G. Salloum

    (Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
    Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA)

  • Rima Nakkash

    (Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
    Global and Community Health Department, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA)

Abstract

In line with the global trends, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) have found their way to the Lebanese market. The present study aims to explore the determinants of e-cigarette and HTP use among young adults in Lebanon. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants aged 18–30 residing in Lebanon, who were familiar with e-cigarettes products. Twenty-one consenting participants were interviewed via Zoom and the verbatim transcriptions were analyzed thematically. The outcome expectancy theory was used to categorize the results into determinants and deterrents of use. HTPs were viewed by participants as another mode of smoking. The results showed that most participants perceived e-cigarettes and HTPs to be healthier alternatives to cigarettes/waterpipes and to be used as smoking cessation tools. Both e-cigarettes and HTPs were found to be easily accessible in Lebanon; although, in the recent economic crisis, e-cigarettes have become unaffordable. More research is needed to investigate the motivations and behaviors of e-cigarette and HTP users if effective policies and regulations are to be developed and enforced. Furthermore, greater public health efforts need to be made to increase awareness of the harmful impacts of e-cigarettes and HTPs and to implement evidence-based cessation programs tailored to those modes of smoking.

Suggested Citation

  • Sanaa Mugharbil & Malak Tleis & Maya Romani & Ramzi G. Salloum & Rima Nakkash, 2023. "Understanding Determinants of Electronic Cigarette and Heated Tobacco Product Use among Young Adults in Lebanon: Prevention and Policy Implications," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:5:p:4273-:d:1082809
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chetan Khatri & Stephen J Chapman & James Glasbey & Michael Kelly & Dmitri Nepogodiev & Aneel Bhangu & J Edward Fitzgerald & on behalf of the STARSurg Committee, 2015. "Social Media and Internet Driven Study Recruitment: Evaluating a New Model for Promoting Collaborator Engagement and Participation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-11, March.
    2. Sarah D. Kowitt & Clare Meernik & Hannah M. Baker & Amira Osman & Li-Ling Huang & Adam O. Goldstein, 2017. "Perceptions and Experiences with Flavored Non-Menthol Tobacco Products: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Linda Haddad & Omar El-Shahawy & Roula Ghadban & Tracey E. Barnett & Emily Johnson, 2015. "Waterpipe Smoking and Regulation in the United States: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-21, May.
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