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Synanthropic and Wild Animals as Sentinels of Zoonotic Agents: A Study of Leptospira Genotypes Circulating in Northeastern Italy

Author

Listed:
  • Elisa Mazzotta

    (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

  • Laura Bellinati

    (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

  • Cristina Bertasio

    (National Reference Centre for Animal Leptospirosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25121 Brescia, Italy)

  • Maria Beatrice Boniotti

    (National Reference Centre for Animal Leptospirosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25121 Brescia, Italy)

  • Laura Lucchese

    (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

  • Letizia Ceglie

    (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

  • Federico Martignago

    (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

  • Stefania Leopardi

    (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

  • Alda Natale

    (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

Abstract

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease widely reported in veterinary practice and a worldwide zoonosis. In Northeastern Italy, different serogroups and genotypes of Leptospira have been described in ill dogs, the most commonly detected being Icterohaemorragiae (ICT) ST 17, Australis (AUS) ST 24 and ST 198, Pomona (POM) ST 117 and ST 289, and Sejroe (SEJ) ST 155. However, there is little information available on the environmental exposure to Leptospira of wild and synanthropic animals. The aim of this study was to identify the circulating genotypes in potential reservoirs to fill this gap of knowledge. Between 2015 and 2022, 681 animal carcasses collected by the Public Veterinary Service were analyzed for Leptospira with a real-time PCR-based screening test, while positive samples were genotyped by multi-locus sequence typing analysis. To carry out our study, we tested 330 hedgehogs, 105 red foxes, 108 Norway rats, 79 mice, 22 coypus, 10 bank voles, 13 grey wolves, 5 common shrews and 9 greater mouse-eared bats. Five sequence types (STs) common in dogs were also found in wild animals: ST 24, ST 198, ST 17 and ST 155 in hedgehogs, ST 17 and ST 24 in foxes, ST 17 in rats, ST 17 and ST 155 in mice, and ST 117 in a wolf. In addition, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first Italian report of SEJ ST 197 in a bank vole. Furthermore, this study described a previous survey conducted in 2009 on coypus (30 animals from the province of Trento and 41 from the province of Padua), referring to a serological positivity ( L . Bratislava) without any molecular detection of Leptospira . This study on Leptospira in synanthropic and wild animals highlighted the importance of increasing our epidemiological knowledge of leptospirosis and its zoonotic risks.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisa Mazzotta & Laura Bellinati & Cristina Bertasio & Maria Beatrice Boniotti & Laura Lucchese & Letizia Ceglie & Federico Martignago & Stefania Leopardi & Alda Natale, 2023. "Synanthropic and Wild Animals as Sentinels of Zoonotic Agents: A Study of Leptospira Genotypes Circulating in Northeastern Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:5:p:3783-:d:1075167
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marco Bregoli & Stefano Pesaro & Martina Ustulin & Denis Vio & Paola Beraldo & Marco Galeotti & Monia Cocchi & Laura Lucchese & Cristina Bertasio & Maria Beatrice Boniotti & Luca Lapini & Alda Natale, 2021. "Environmental Exposure of Wild Carnivores to Zoonotic Pathogens: Leptospira Infection in the First Free Living Wolf ( Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) Found Dead in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-7, March.
    2. Elisa Mazzotta & Laura Lucchese & Cristiano Salata & Tommaso Furlanello & Ermenegildo Baroni & Alessandro Zotti & Gabriele Venturi & Alice Fincato & Silvia Marchione & Katia Capello & Alda Natale, 2022. "Are Small Animal Practitioners Occupationally Exposed to Leptospirosis? Results of a Serological Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-8, February.
    3. Yeojin Chung & Sophia Rabe-Hesketh & Vincent Dorie & Andrew Gelman & Jingchen Liu, 2013. "A Nondegenerate Penalized Likelihood Estimator for Variance Parameters in Multilevel Models," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 78(4), pages 685-709, October.
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