IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i5p3774-d1075119.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Patient Care in Community Pharmacies during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: Effectiveness of Post-Graduate Education and Further Training Courses on Revenues

Author

Listed:
  • Francesca Baratta

    (Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy)

  • Elena Folpini

    (New Line Ricerche di Mercato, Via Riccardo Lombardi 19/10, 20153 Milano, Italy)

  • Michele Ciccolella

    (FarmaHiSkill Italia, Via Guelfa 5, 40138 Bologna, Italy)

  • Paola Brusa

    (Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy)

Abstract

Thanks to their distribution throughout the territory and extended opening hours, community pharmacists are among the healthcare specialists most easily accessible to the public and often represent the first point of consultation both for the treatment of acute health conditions and, more generally, for health and therapy advice. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether post-graduate courses/further training courses for pharmacists might influence the quality of patient management and care and, consequently, the satisfaction of the users who entered the pharmacy. We used the revenues of the pharmacies (Group A) in which these pharmacists are employed as a performance indicator. We compared the data for this group with the national averages for Italian pharmacies (Group B) and with those of a group (Group C) of selected pharmacies as similar as possible to the pharmacies in Group A based on a number of well-defined parameters. The comparison of revenues, year-on-year changes, and the average number of sales by the pharmacies in the three groups indicates that the pharmacies in Group A had the best performance, not only when compared with the national average but especially compared with the control group, specifically selected to make the comparison as significant as possible.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesca Baratta & Elena Folpini & Michele Ciccolella & Paola Brusa, 2023. "Patient Care in Community Pharmacies during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: Effectiveness of Post-Graduate Education and Further Training Courses on Revenues," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-8, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:5:p:3774-:d:1075119
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/5/3774/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/5/3774/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Abadie, Alberto & Imbens, Guido W., 2011. "Bias-Corrected Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 29(1), pages 1-11.
    2. Alberto Abadie & Guido W. Imbens, 2008. "On the Failure of the Bootstrap for Matching Estimators," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 76(6), pages 1537-1557, November.
    3. Francesca Baratta & Michele Ciccolella & Paola Brusa, 2021. "The Relationship between Customers and Community Pharmacies during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: A Survey from Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-13, September.
    4. Francesca Baratta & Giulio Mario Visentin & Lorenzo Ravetto Enri & Marco Parente & Irene Pignata & Francesco Venuti & Giovanni Di Perri & Paola Brusa, 2021. "Community Pharmacy Practice in Italy during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: Regulatory Changes and a Cross-Sectional Analysis of Seroprevalence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-13, February.
    5. Alberto Abadie & Guido W. Imbens, 2006. "Large Sample Properties of Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 74(1), pages 235-267, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tymon Słoczyński, 2015. "The Oaxaca–Blinder Unexplained Component as a Treatment Effects Estimator," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 77(4), pages 588-604, August.
    2. Andr'es Ram'irez-Hassan & Raquel Vargas-Correa & Gustavo Garc'ia & Daniel Londo~no, 2020. "Optimal selection of the number of control units in kNN algorithm to estimate average treatment effects," Papers 2008.06564, arXiv.org.
    3. Jeon, Jin Q. & Lee, Cheolwoo & Nasser, Tareque & Via, M. Tony, 2015. "Multiple lead underwriter IPOs and firm visibility," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 128-149.
    4. Guido W. Imbens & Jeffrey M. Wooldridge, 2009. "Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 47(1), pages 5-86, March.
    5. Yihui He & Fang Han, 2023. "On propensity score matching with a diverging number of matches," Papers 2310.14142, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2023.
    6. Almer, Christian & Winkler, Ralph, 2017. "Analyzing the effectiveness of international environmental policies: The case of the Kyoto Protocol," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 125-151.
    7. Schlueter, Tobias & Sievers, Soenke & Hartmann-Wendels, Thomas, 2015. "Bank funding stability, pricing strategies and the guidance of depositors," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 43-61.
    8. Abbott, Joshua K. & Klaiber, H. Allen, 2011. "The Value Of Water As An Urban Club Good: A Matching Approach To Hoa-Provided Lakes," 2011 Annual Meeting, July 24-26, 2011, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 103781, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    9. Songliang Chen & Fang Han, 2024. "On the limiting variance of matching estimators," Papers 2411.05758, arXiv.org.
    10. Kang, Qiang & Mitnik, Oscar A., 2008. "Not So Lucky Any More: CEO Compensation in Financially Distressed Firms," IZA Discussion Papers 3857, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    11. Roth, Jonathan & Sant’Anna, Pedro H.C. & Bilinski, Alyssa & Poe, John, 2023. "What’s trending in difference-in-differences? A synthesis of the recent econometrics literature," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 235(2), pages 2218-2244.
    12. Huber, Martin, 2019. "An introduction to flexible methods for policy evaluation," FSES Working Papers 504, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Freiburg/Fribourg Switzerland.
    13. Tatyana Deryugina & Alexander MacKay & Julian Reif, 2020. "The Long-Run Dynamics of Electricity Demand: Evidence from Municipal Aggregation," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 12(1), pages 86-114, January.
    14. Alex Proshin & Lise Rochaix & Adrian Rohit Dass & Audrey Laporte, 2020. "Impact of Quality-based Procedures on orthopedic care quantity and quality in Ontario Hospitals," PSE Working Papers halshs-02872219, HAL.
    15. Sheng Guo & Qiang Kang & Oscar A. Mitnik, 2022. "Dynamics of managerial power and CEO compensation in the course of corporate distress: Evidence from 1992 to 2019," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 51(3), pages 797-825, September.
    16. Ziming Lin & Fang Han, 2024. "On the consistency of bootstrap for matching estimators," Papers 2410.23525, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2024.
    17. Steven Lehrer & Gregory Kordas, 2013. "Matching using semiparametric propensity scores," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 44(1), pages 13-45, February.
    18. Anna Alberini & Markus Bareit & Massimo Filippini, 2016. "What is the Effect of Fuel Efficiency Information on Car Prices? Evidence from Switzerland," The Energy Journal, , vol. 37(3), pages 315-342, July.
    19. Sokbae Lee & Martin Weidner, 2021. "Bounding Treatment Effects by Pooling Limited Information across Observations," Papers 2111.05243, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
    20. Esaka, Taro, 2014. "Are consistent pegs really more prone to currency crises?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 136-163.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:5:p:3774-:d:1075119. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.