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A Critical Appraisal of the Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of the Anti-Inflammatory Marker IL-37 in a Clinical Setting: A Case Study of Patients with Diabetes Type 2

Author

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  • Zvonimir Bosnić

    (Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Huttlerova 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia)

  • František Babič

    (Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, 06601 Košice, Slovakia)

  • Viera Anderková

    (Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, 06601 Košice, Slovakia)

  • Mario Štefanić

    (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Huttlerova 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia)

  • Thomas Wittlinger

    (Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Hospital, University of Göttingen, 38642 Goslar, Germany)

  • Ljiljana Trtica Majnarić

    (Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Huttlerova 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia)

Abstract

Background: The role of the cytokine interleukin-37 (IL-37) has been recognized in reversing inflammation-mediated metabolic costs. The aim was to evaluate the clinical utility of this cytokine as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We included 170 older (median: 66 years) individuals with T2D (females: 95) and classified as primary care attenders to assess the association of factors that describe patients with plasma IL-37 levels (expressed as quartiles) using multinomial regression models. We determined the diagnostic ability of IL-37 cut-offs to identify diabetes-related complications or patient subgroups by using Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis (c-statistics). Results: Frailty status was shown to have a suppressive effect on IL-37 circulating levels and a major modifying effect on associations of metabolic and inflammatory factors with IL-37, including the effects of treatments. Situations in which IL-37 reached a clinically significant discriminating ability included the model of IL-37 and C-Reactive Protein in differentiating among diabetic patients with low–normal/high BMI ((<25/≥25 kg/m 2 ), and the model of IL-37 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in discriminating between women with/without metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: The study has revealed limitations in using classical approaches in determining the diagnostic and prognostic utility of the cytokine IL-37 in patients with T2D and lain a foundation for new methodology approaches.

Suggested Citation

  • Zvonimir Bosnić & František Babič & Viera Anderková & Mario Štefanić & Thomas Wittlinger & Ljiljana Trtica Majnarić, 2023. "A Critical Appraisal of the Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of the Anti-Inflammatory Marker IL-37 in a Clinical Setting: A Case Study of Patients with Diabetes Type 2," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3695-:d:1073674
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael Roden & Gerald I. Shulman, 2019. "The integrative biology of type 2 diabetes," Nature, Nature, vol. 576(7785), pages 51-60, December.
    2. Cheng Han & Xue He & Xinghai Xia & Yongze Li & Xiaoguang Shi & Zhongyan Shan & Weiping Teng, 2015. "Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(8), pages 1-22, August.
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