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The Prevalence of Symptomatology and Risk Factors in Mental Health in Mexico: The 2016–17 ENCODAT Cohort

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  • María Elena Medina-Mora

    (Global Studies Seminar, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
    Director, School of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
    Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Global INPRFM UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico)

  • Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza

    (Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disease Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
    Juan N. Navarro Children’s Psychiatric Hospital, Psychiatric Care Services, Mexico City 14080, Mexico)

  • Jorge Ameth Villatoro Velázquez

    (Global Studies Seminar, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
    Data Analysis and Survey Unit, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry (INPRFM), Mexico City 14370, Mexico)

  • Marycarmen Bustos-Gamiño

    (Data Analysis and Survey Unit, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry (INPRFM), Mexico City 14370, Mexico)

  • Clara Fleiz Bautista

    (Global Studies Seminar, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
    Data Analysis and Survey Unit, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry (INPRFM), Mexico City 14370, Mexico)

  • Beatriz Camarena

    (Department of Pharmacogenetics, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry (INPRFM), Mexico City 14370, Mexico)

  • José Jaime Martínez-Magaña

    (Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disease Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico)

  • Humberto Nicolini

    (Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disease Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico)

Abstract

There is little recent information about the prevalence of symptomatology of mental health disorders in representative population samples in Mexico. To determine the prevalence of mental health symptoms in Mexico and its comorbidity with tobacco, alcohol, and drug use disorder (SUD), we used the 2016–17 National Survey of Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use (Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco, ENCODAT 2016–2017). The data were collected from households using a cross-sectional, stratified, multistage design, with a confidence level of 90% and a response rate of 73.6%. The final sample included 56,877 completed interviews of individuals aged 12–65, with a subsample of 13,130 who answered the section on mental health. Symptoms of mania and hypomania (7.9%), depression (6.4%), and post-traumatic stress (5.7%) were the three main problems reported. Of this subsample, 56.7% reported using a legal or illegal drug without SUD, 5.4% reported SUD at one time on alcohol, 0.8% on tobacco, and 1.3% on medical or illegal drugs, 15.9% reported symptoms related to mental health, and 2.9% comorbidity. The prevalence found is consistent with those reported in previous studies, except for an increase in post-traumatic stress, which is consistent with the country’s increase in trauma.

Suggested Citation

  • María Elena Medina-Mora & Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza & Jorge Ameth Villatoro Velázquez & Marycarmen Bustos-Gamiño & Clara Fleiz Bautista & Beatriz Camarena & José Jaime Martínez-Magaña & Humberto Nicoli, 2023. "The Prevalence of Symptomatology and Risk Factors in Mental Health in Mexico: The 2016–17 ENCODAT Cohort," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3109-:d:1064092
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Borges, G. & Wang, P.S. & Medina-Mora, M.E. & Lara, C. & Chiu, W.T., 2007. "Delay of first treatment of mental and substance use disorders in Mexico," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 97(9), pages 1638-1643.
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