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Nomophobia and Self-Esteem: A Cross Sectional Study in Greek University Students

Author

Listed:
  • Elissavet Vagka

    (Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece)

  • Charalambos Gnardellis

    (Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece)

  • Areti Lagiou

    (Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece)

  • Venetia Notara

    (Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

Nomophobia is a relatively new term describing someone’s fear, discomfort, or anxiety when his/her smartphone is not available. It is reported that low self-esteem may contribute to an individual’s tendency for nomophobia. The aim of this particular study was to investigate the association between nomophobia and self-esteem among Greek university students. The study sample consisted of 1060 male and female university students aged 18 to 25 years, participating on a voluntary basis with an online anonymous questionnaire. Data were collected through “Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q)” and “Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale (RSES)”. All participants exhibited some level of nomophobia, with the moderate level prevailing (59.6%). Regarding self-esteem categories, 18.7% of the participants showed low self-esteem, while the rest showed normal/high levels. Students with low self-esteem were twice as likely to exhibit a higher level of nomophobia compared to those with normal/high (adj Cum OR = 1.99, p value < 0.001). Additionally, women and students having fathers without a university education had a higher risk of exhibiting a greater level of nomophobia (adj Cum OR = 1.56 and 1.44, respectively, p values ≤ 0.008). It was observed that low self-esteem and nomophobia are closely connected. Further investigation into this particular issue is needed to explore potential causality between them.

Suggested Citation

  • Elissavet Vagka & Charalambos Gnardellis & Areti Lagiou & Venetia Notara, 2023. "Nomophobia and Self-Esteem: A Cross Sectional Study in Greek University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-11, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:2929-:d:1061119
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Antonio-Manuel Rodríguez-García & Antonio-José Moreno-Guerrero & Jesús López Belmonte, 2020. "Nomophobia: An Individual’s Growing Fear of Being without a Smartphone—A Systematic Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-19, January.
    2. Haitham Jahrami & Ammar Abdelaziz & Latifa Binsanad & Omar A. Alhaj & Mohammed Buheji & Nicola Luigi Bragazzi & Zahra Saif & Ahmed S. BaHammam & Michael V. Vitiello, 2021. "The Association between Symptoms of Nomophobia, Insomnia and Food Addiction among Young Adults: Findings of an Exploratory Cross-Sectional Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-11, January.
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