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How Confinement and Back to Normal Affected the Well-Being and Thus Sleep, Headaches and Temporomandibular Disorders

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Listed:
  • Juan Ignacio Rosales Leal

    (Department of Stomatology, Prosthodontics & Orofacial Pain Section, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Cristian Sánchez Vaca

    (Department of Stomatology, Prosthodontics & Orofacial Pain Section, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Aleksandra Ryaboshapka

    (Department of Stomatology, Prosthodontics & Orofacial Pain Section, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Félix de Carlos Villafranca

    (Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Orthodontics Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain)

  • Miguel Ángel Rubio Escudero

    (Department of Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, School of Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is having negative consequences not only for people’s general health but also for the masticatory system. This article aimed to assess confinement and its new normal impact on well-being, sleep, headaches, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). An anonymous survey was distributed to a Spanish university community. Participants completed a well-being index (WHO-5), a questionnaire related to sleep quality (the BEARS test), a headache diagnostic test (the tension type headache (TTH) and migraine diagnosis test), and the DC-TMD questionnaire. Questions were addressed in three scenarios: before confinement, during confinement, and the new normal. A total of 436 responses were collected (70% women, 30% men). A reduction in well-being and sleep quality was recorded. Respondents reported more TTH and migraines during and after confinement. Overall, confinement and return to normal did not increase TMD symptoms, and only minor effects were observed, such as more intense joint pain and a higher incidence of muscle pain in women during confinement. Reduced well-being is correlated with sleep quality loss, headaches, and TMD symptoms. This study provides evidence that pandemics and confinement might have had a negative impact on population health. Well-being was strongly affected, as were sleep quality, depression risk, TTH, and migraine frequency. In contrast, the temporomandibular joint and muscles showed more resilience and were only slightly affected.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Ignacio Rosales Leal & Cristian Sánchez Vaca & Aleksandra Ryaboshapka & Félix de Carlos Villafranca & Miguel Ángel Rubio Escudero, 2023. "How Confinement and Back to Normal Affected the Well-Being and Thus Sleep, Headaches and Temporomandibular Disorders," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2340-:d:1049554
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kjellsson, Gustav & Clarke, Philip & Gerdtham, Ulf-G., 2014. "Forgetting to remember or remembering to forget: A study of the recall period length in health care survey questions," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 34-46.
    2. Sabina Saccomanno & Mauro Bernabei & Fabio Scoppa & Alessio Pirino & Rodolfo Mastrapasqua & Marina Angela Visco, 2020. "Coronavirus Lockdown as a Major Life Stressor: Does It Affect TMD Symptoms?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Clarke, Philip M. & Fiebig, Denzil G. & Gerdtham, Ulf-G., 2008. "Optimal recall length in survey design," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(5), pages 1275-1284, September.
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