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Monitoring Occupational Noise Exposure in Firefighters Using the Apple Watch

Author

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  • Erin C. Williams

    (Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33136, USA)

  • Yiran Ma

    (Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33136, USA)

  • Daniela M. Loo

    (Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33136, USA)

  • Natasha Schaefer Solle

    (Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA)

  • Barbara Millet

    (Department of Interactive Media, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA)

  • Kristine Harris

    (Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA)

  • Hillary A. Snapp

    (Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA)

  • Suhrud M. Rajguru

    (Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33136, USA
    RestorEar Devices LLC, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA)

Abstract

Occupational noise exposure and hearing loss are prominent in the fire service. Firefighters are routinely exposed to hazardous levels of noise arising from the tools and equipment they use, from sirens and alarm tones to the emergency response vehicles they drive. The present study utilized the Apple Watch to continuously measure environmental noise levels for on-duty firefighters. Participants included 15 firefighters from the metropolitan South Florida area, and 25 adult non-firefighter control subjects. Firefighters were recruited from a variety of roles across two stations to ensure noise exposure profiles were appropriately representative of exposures in the fire service. All participants wore an Apple Watch for up to three separate 24 h shifts and completed a post-shift survey self-reporting on perceived exposures over the 24 h study period. Cumulative exposures were calculated for each shift and noise dose was calculated relative to the NIOSH recommended exposure limit of 85 dBA as an 8 h time-weighted average. The maximum dBA recorded on the Apple Watches was statistically significant between groups, with firefighters experiencing a median of 87.79 dBA and controls a median of 77.27 dBA. Estimated Exposure Time at 85 dBA (EET-85) values were significantly higher for firefighters when compared to controls: 3.97 h (range: 1.20–14.7 h) versus 0.42 h (range: 0.05–8.21 h). Only 2 of 16 firefighters reported the use of hearing protection devices during their shifts. Overall, our results highlight the utility of a commonly used personal device to quantify noise exposure in an occupationally at-risk group.

Suggested Citation

  • Erin C. Williams & Yiran Ma & Daniela M. Loo & Natasha Schaefer Solle & Barbara Millet & Kristine Harris & Hillary A. Snapp & Suhrud M. Rajguru, 2023. "Monitoring Occupational Noise Exposure in Firefighters Using the Apple Watch," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2315-:d:1049113
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mariola Śliwińska-Kowalska & Kamil Zaborowski, 2017. "WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Permanent Hearing Loss and Tinnitus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, September.
    2. Hillary A. Snapp & Natasha Schaefer Solle & Barbara Millet & Suhrud M. Rajguru, 2022. "Subclinical Hearing Deficits in Noise-Exposed Firefighters," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-13, September.
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