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“Health Outcomes of Grandparents Caring for Double Orphans in South Africa”: What Are the Determinants?

Author

Listed:
  • Salmon Likoko

    (Statistics South Africa, ISIbalo House, Pretoria 0002, South Africa)

  • Monica Ewomazino Akokuwebe

    (Faculty of Humanities, North-West University, Mafikeng 2735, South Africa)

  • Godswill Nwabuisi Osuafor

    (Department of Population Studies and Demography, North-West University, Mafikeng 2735, South Africa)

  • Erhabor Sunday Idemudia

    (Faculty of Humanities, North-West University, Mafikeng 2735, South Africa)

Abstract

In the 21st century, grandparenthood is a significant phenomenon in the fields of demography, gerontology, and sociology. It is mainly explored in the context of ageing, as it is poised to become one of the most significant demographic phenomena and social issues in contemporary South Africa. Therefore, this study examined the determinants associated with grandparents who are parenting as caregivers and the health challenges they are exposed to as caregivers. The National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) Wave 5 dataset was utilised, and a total of 302,476 grandparents aged 25 years and older, who were reported to be primary caregivers of double orphans, were included in the analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were performed to determine the predictors of the determinants of grandparents parenting as caregivers and their health challenges in South Africa. Estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used, and the threshold for statistical significance was established at ρ < 0.05. A majority of the male and female grandparent caregivers were aged 24–34 years, were Black Africans (69.8%), had secondary education (46.9%), reported health challenges (HC) (59.7%), with 26.4% reporting headaches in the last 30 days. Logistic regression revealed that grandparent caregivers aged 55–64 years were 8.9 times more likely to report health challenges compared to those aged 25–34 years. Non-Black African grandparent caregivers were found to be 0.61 times less likely to report health challenges, compared to Black African grandparent caregivers. Those with perceived poor health status were 3.3 times more likely to report health challenges, compared to those with excellent perceived health status. Therefore, there is an urgent need to redesign health interventions to address these health burdens among grandparent caregivers and to take cognisance of providing economic and social support for these vulnerable populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Salmon Likoko & Monica Ewomazino Akokuwebe & Godswill Nwabuisi Osuafor & Erhabor Sunday Idemudia, 2023. "“Health Outcomes of Grandparents Caring for Double Orphans in South Africa”: What Are the Determinants?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(24), pages 1-39, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:24:p:7158-:d:1296673
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ann Buchanan & Anna Rotkirch, 2018. "Twenty-first century grandparents: global perspectives on changing roles and consequences," Contemporary Social Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(2), pages 131-144, April.
    2. T. J. Friderichs & G. Keeton & M. Rogan, 2022. "Measuring human capital in South Africa using a socioeconomic status human capital index approach," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(6), pages 903-920, November.
    3. TJ Friderichs & F. M. Correa, 2022. "Measuring human capital in South Africa across socioeconomic subgroups using a latent-variable approach," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 164(3), pages 1161-1185, December.
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