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Effect of Supervised and Unsupervised Exercise Training in Outdoor Gym on the Lifestyle of Elderly People

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  • Welmo A. Barbosa

    (Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
    MoveAgeLab, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-010, ES, Brazil)

  • Carine Danielle F. C. Leite

    (Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil)

  • Carlos H. O. Reis

    (Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil)

  • Alexandre F. Machado

    (Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil)

  • Valentina Bullo

    (Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy)

  • Stefano Gobbo

    (Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy)

  • Marco Bergamin

    (Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy)

  • Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo

    (Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil)

  • Rodrigo L. Vancini

    (MoveAgeLab, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-010, ES, Brazil)

  • Julien S. Baker

    (Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong)

  • Roberta L. Rica

    (Department of Physical Education, Estacio de Sá University, Vitoria 22640-102, ES, Brazil)

  • Danilo S. Bocalini

    (Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of supervised and unsupervised physical training programs using outdoor gym equipment on the lifestyles of elderly people. Methods: physically independent elderly people were randomly distributed into three groups: supervised training (n: 20; ST), unsupervised training (n: 20; UT) and control (n: 20; C). The ST and UT groups completed a 12-week program, with exercises performed three times a week. The ST group underwent weekly 30 min sessions consisting of a 5 min warm-up (walking at 60% of HR max ), followed by 20 sets of 30, “monitored by a metronome with 30” of passive recovery between sets and a five-minute cool-down. The following equipment was used: elliptical, rowing, surfing and leg press. The UT group was instructed to freely attend the gym and train spontaneously using the same equipment used by ST. Lifestyle changes were evaluated using a questionnaire containing specific domains. Results: no significant differences were identified in the domains for family, physical activity, nutrition, smoking, sleep, behavior, introspection, work and overall score; however, the values corresponding to the alcohol domain for the ST and UT groups were lower ( p < 0.05) than the C group, remaining even lower after the 12 weeks of intervention. Time effect ( p < 0.05) was found only in the ST group for the physical domains, sleep, behavior and overall score. Conclusion: elderly people submitted to supervised and unsupervised physical exercise programs using outdoor gym equipment present positive changes in lifestyle parameters compared to physical inactive elderly people.

Suggested Citation

  • Welmo A. Barbosa & Carine Danielle F. C. Leite & Carlos H. O. Reis & Alexandre F. Machado & Valentina Bullo & Stefano Gobbo & Marco Bergamin & Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo & Rodrigo L. Vancini & Julien S. , 2023. "Effect of Supervised and Unsupervised Exercise Training in Outdoor Gym on the Lifestyle of Elderly People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(21), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:21:p:7022-:d:1274598
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ilmakunnas, Pekka & Ilmakunnas, Seija, 2018. "Health and retirement age: Comparison of expectations and actual retirement," MPRA Paper 102618, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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