IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i17p6702-d1231428.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Spatial Variation in COVID-19 Mortality in New York City and Its Association with Neighborhood Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Status

Author

Listed:
  • Samantha Friedman

    (Department of Sociology, University at Albany, SUNY, 348 Arts & Sciences Building 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA)

  • Tabassum Z. Insaf

    (Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, 1203 Corning Tower, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12223, USA
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA)

  • Temilayo Adeyeye

    (Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, 1203 Corning Tower, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12223, USA
    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA)

  • Jin-Wook Lee

    (Center for Social and Demographic Analysis, University at Albany, SUNY, 321 University Administration Building, Albany, NY 12222, USA)

Abstract

We examined the association between variation in COVID-19 deaths and spatial differences in the racial, ethnic, and nativity-status composition of New York City neighborhoods, which has received little scholarly attention. Using COVID-19 mortality data (through 31 May 2021) and socioeconomic and demographic data from the American Community Survey at the Zip Code Tabulation Area level as well as United-Hospital-Fund-level neighborhood data from the Community Health Survey of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, we employed multivariable Poisson generalized estimating equation models and assessed the association between COVID-19 mortality, racial/ethnic/nativity-status composition, and other ecological factors. Our results showed an association between neighborhood-level racial and ethnic composition and COVID-19 mortality rates that is contingent upon the neighborhood-level nativity-status composition. After multivariable adjustment, ZCTAs with large shares of native-born Blacks and foreign-born Hispanics and Asians were more likely to have higher COVID-19 mortality rates than areas with large shares of native-born Whites. Areas with more older adults and essential workers, higher levels of household crowding, and population with diabetes were also at high risk. Small-area analyses of COVID-19 mortality can inform health policy responses to neighborhood inequalities on the basis of race, ethnicity, and immigration status.

Suggested Citation

  • Samantha Friedman & Tabassum Z. Insaf & Temilayo Adeyeye & Jin-Wook Lee, 2023. "Spatial Variation in COVID-19 Mortality in New York City and Its Association with Neighborhood Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Status," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(17), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:17:p:6702-:d:1231428
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/17/6702/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/17/6702/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Douglas Massey & Jonathan Tannen, 2015. "A Research Note on Trends in Black Hypersegregation," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 52(3), pages 1025-1034, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Heather A. Moody & Sue C. Grady, 2021. "Lead Emissions and Population Vulnerability in the Detroit Metropolitan Area, 2006–2013: Impact of Pollution, Housing Age and Neighborhood Racial Isolation and Poverty on Blood Lead in Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Joel E. Cohen, 2021. "Measuring the concentration of urban population in the negative exponential model using the Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, Hoover dissimilarity index, and relative entropy," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 44(49), pages 1165-1184.
    3. Smith, Nicholas C., 2024. "Residential segregation and Black-White differences in physical and mental health: Evidence of a health paradox?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    4. Chris Hess & Ryan Gabriel & Christine Leibbrand & Kyle Crowder, 2019. "Does Hypersegregation Matter for Black-White Socioeconomic Disparities?," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 56(6), pages 2169-2191, December.
    5. Janeria Easley, 2018. "Spatial mismatch beyond black and white: Levels and determinants of job access among Asian and Hispanic subpopulations," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(8), pages 1800-1820, June.
    6. Mehra, Renee & Boyd, Lisa M. & Ickovics, Jeannette R., 2017. "Racial residential segregation and adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 237-250.
    7. Kishor, N. Kundan & Konkel, Rebecca & Yoon, Jangsu & Zhao, Tian, 2023. "Bridging the racial disparity in wealth creation in Milwaukee," MPRA Paper 117686, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Richard Duckworth & Michael Lucas & Ben Miller & Shiraj Pokharel & Elora Raymond, 2016. "Corporate Landlords, Institutional Investors, and Displacement: Eviction Rates in SingleFamily Rentals," FRB Atlanta Community and Economic Development Discussion Paper 2016-4, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
    9. Rafiq Friperson & Hessel Oosterbeek & Bas van der Klaauw, 2023. "The Hidden Divide: School Segregation of Teachers in the Netherlands," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 23-034/V, Tinbergen Institute.
    10. Amber Crowell & Mark Fossett, 2022. "Metropolitan racial residential segregation in the United States: A microlevel and cross-context analysis of Black, Latino, and Asian segregation," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 46(8), pages 217-260.
    11. Wong, David W.S. & Das Gupta, Debasree, 2023. "Empirical evidence supporting the inclusion of multi-axes segregation in assessing US county health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    12. Samantha Friedman & Recai M. Yucel & Colleen E. Wynn & Joseph R. Gibbons, 2019. "Muslim–Non-Muslim Locational Attainment in Philadelphia: A New Fault Line in Residential Inequality?," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 56(4), pages 1327-1348, August.
    13. Voith, Laura A. & Russell, Katie N. & Lee, Hyunjune & Atwell, Meghan Salas & McKinney, Sherise J. & Thomas, Tito & Barksdale, Edward M., 2023. "Using grounded theory to develop a theory of change for a violence intervention program," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    14. Do, D. Phuong & Frank, Reanne & Iceland, John, 2017. "Black-white metropolitan segregation and self-rated health: Investigating the role of neighborhood poverty," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 85-92.
    15. Ying Huang & Scott J. South & Amy Spring, 2017. "Racial Differences in Neighborhood Attainment: The Contributions of Interneighborhood Migration and In Situ Change," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 54(5), pages 1819-1843, October.
    16. Wenfei Xu, 2022. "The contingency of neighbourhood diversity: Variation of social context using mobile phone application data," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 59(4), pages 851-869, March.
    17. Glenn Firebaugh & Chad R. Farrell, 2016. "Still Large, but Narrowing: The Sizable Decline in Racial Neighborhood Inequality in Metropolitan America, 1980–2010," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 53(1), pages 139-164, February.
    18. Grineski, Sara E. & Collins, Timothy W. & Chakraborty, Jayajit, 2022. "Cascading disasters and mental health inequities: Winter Storm Uri, COVID-19 and post-traumatic stress in Texas," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    19. Heather Moody & Sue C. Grady, 2017. "Lead Emissions and Population Vulnerability in the Detroit (Michigan, USA) Metropolitan Area, 2006–2013: A Spatial and Temporal Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, November.
    20. Renan Xavier Cortes & Sergio Rey & Elijah Knaap & Levi John Wolf, 2020. "An open-source framework for non-spatial and spatial segregation measures: the PySAL segregation module," Journal of Computational Social Science, Springer, vol. 3(1), pages 135-166, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:17:p:6702-:d:1231428. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.