IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i16p6552-d1213787.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields—Different from General Public Exposure and Laboratory Studies

Author

Listed:
  • Kjell Hansson Mild

    (Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden)

  • Mats-Olof Mattsson

    (SciProof International AB, 83158 Östersund, Sweden
    Institute of Advanced Studies, Strömstad Academy, 45280 Strömstad, Sweden)

  • Peter Jeschke

    (Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 44194 Dortmund, Germany
    Current address: Vodafone GmbH, 40549 Düsseldorf, Germany.)

  • Michel Israel

    (National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria)

  • Mihaela Ivanova

    (National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria)

  • Tsvetelina Shalamanova

    (National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria)

Abstract

The designs of in vivo, in vitro and in silico studies do not adequately reflect the characteristics of long-term occupational EMF exposure; the higher exposure levels permitted for employees are nevertheless extrapolated on this basis. Epidemiological studies consider occupational exposure only in a very general way, if at all. There is a lack of detailed descriptive data on long-term occupational exposure over the duration of the working life. Most studies reflect exposure characteristics of the general population, exposures which are long-term, but at a comparably low level. Occupational exposure is often intermittent with high peak power followed by periods with no exposure. Furthermore, the EU EMF-Directive 2013/35/EU states a demand for occupational health surveillance, the outcome of which would be of great help to epidemiologists studying the health effects of EMF exposure. This paper thus aims to outline and specify differences between public and occupational exposure and to increase the understanding of specific aspects of occupational exposure which are important for long-term health considerations. This could lead to a future protection concept against possible hazards based on adequate descriptions of long-term exposures and also include supplementary descriptive features such as a “reset time” of biological systems and accurate dose quantities.

Suggested Citation

  • Kjell Hansson Mild & Mats-Olof Mattsson & Peter Jeschke & Michel Israel & Mihaela Ivanova & Tsvetelina Shalamanova, 2023. "Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields—Different from General Public Exposure and Laboratory Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(16), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:16:p:6552-:d:1213787
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/16/6552/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/16/6552/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alberto Modenese & Fabriziomaria Gobba, 2021. "Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields and Health Surveillance according to the European Directive 2013/35/EU," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Gian Marco Contessa & Simona D’Agostino & Rosaria Falsaperla & Carlo Grandi & Alessandro Polichetti, 2021. "Issues in the Implementation of Directive 2013/35/EU Regarding the Protection of Workers against Electromagnetic Fields," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-15, October.
    3. Michel Israel & Katia Vangelova & Michaela Ivanova, 2007. "Cardiovascular risk under electromagnetic exposure in physiotherapy," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 27(4), pages 539-543, December.
    4. Katia Vangelova & Michel Israel & Desimira Velkova & Michaela Ivanova, 2007. "Changes in excretion rates of stress hormones in medical staff exposed to electromagnetic radiation," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 27(4), pages 551-555, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Marko S. Markov, 2012. "Impact of physical factors on the society and environment," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 32(2), pages 121-130, June.
    2. Silvia Groiss & Roland Lammegger & Dagmar Brislinger, 2021. "Anti-Oxidative and Immune Regulatory Responses of THP-1 and PBMC to Pulsed EMF Are Field-Strength Dependent," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Lyubina Vesselinova, 2012. "Electromagnetic fields in clinical practice of physical and rehabilitation medicine: a health hazard assessment of personnel," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 32(2), pages 249-255, June.
    4. Ka Po Wong & Xiangcheng Meng, 2024. "A Bibliometric and Scientometric Network Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health in the Electric Power Industry: Future Implication of Digital Pathways," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-28, June.
    5. Fabiano Gibson Daud Thulu & David Tembo & Rowland Nyirongo & Patrick Joseph Cardinal Mzaza & Allan Kamfosi & Upile Chitete Mawenda, 2023. "Electromagnetic Frequency Pollution in Malawi: A Case of Electric Field and Magnetic Flux Density Pollution in Southern Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-12, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:16:p:6552-:d:1213787. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.