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Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields and Health Surveillance according to the European Directive 2013/35/EU

Author

Listed:
  • Alberto Modenese

    (Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy)

  • Fabriziomaria Gobba

    (Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy)

Abstract

In the European Union, health surveillance (HS) of electromagnetic fields (EMF)-exposed workers is mandatory according to the Directive 2013/35/EU, aimed at the prevention of known direct biophysical effects and indirect EMF’s effects. Long-term effects are not addressed in the Directive as the evidence of a causal relationship is considered inadequate. Objectives of HS are the prevention or early detection of EMF adverse effects, but scant evidence is hitherto available on the specific procedures. A first issue is that no specific laboratory tests or medical investigations have been demonstrated as useful for exposure monitoring and/or prevention of the effects. Another problem is the existence of workers at particular risk (WPR), i.e., subjects with specific conditions inducing an increased susceptibility to the EMF-related risk (e.g., workers with active medical devices or other conditions); exposures within the occupational exposure limit values (ELVs) are usually adequately protective against EMF’s effects, but lower exposures can possibly induce a health risk in WPR. Consequently, the HS of EMF-exposed workers according to the EU Directive should be aimed at the early detection and monitoring of the recognized adverse effects, as well as an early identification of WPR for the adoption of adequate preventive measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Alberto Modenese & Fabriziomaria Gobba, 2021. "Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields and Health Surveillance according to the European Directive 2013/35/EU," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1730-:d:497353
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ka Po Wong & Xiangcheng Meng, 2024. "A Bibliometric and Scientometric Network Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health in the Electric Power Industry: Future Implication of Digital Pathways," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-28, June.
    2. Silvia Groiss & Roland Lammegger & Dagmar Brislinger, 2021. "Anti-Oxidative and Immune Regulatory Responses of THP-1 and PBMC to Pulsed EMF Are Field-Strength Dependent," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Kjell Hansson Mild & Mats-Olof Mattsson & Peter Jeschke & Michel Israel & Mihaela Ivanova & Tsvetelina Shalamanova, 2023. "Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields—Different from General Public Exposure and Laboratory Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(16), pages 1-15, August.
    4. Fabiano Gibson Daud Thulu & David Tembo & Rowland Nyirongo & Patrick Joseph Cardinal Mzaza & Allan Kamfosi & Upile Chitete Mawenda, 2023. "Electromagnetic Frequency Pollution in Malawi: A Case of Electric Field and Magnetic Flux Density Pollution in Southern Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-12, March.

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