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Well-Being of High-Level Managers during the Pandemic: The Role of Fear of Negative Appearance, Anxiety, and Eating Behaviors

Author

Listed:
  • Anna Hryniewicz

    (Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Dominika Wilczyńska

    (Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Daniel Krokosz

    (Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Konrad Hryniewicz

    (Department of Marketing and Quantitative Methods, Faculty of Management and Quality Science, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland)

  • Mariusz Lipowski

    (Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland)

Abstract

(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented changes in the contemporary world, significantly affecting the work of companies, especially management staff. This study investigated whether fear about one’s health (caused by the pandemic, disordered eating attitudes, or concerns about one’s body image) has a negative relationship with the well-being of managers. (2) Methods: N = 354 managers (222 women, 126 men, and 6 people with no gender identity) participated in the study. The following psychometric instruments were used: the psychological well-being scale, the coronavirus anxiety scale, the fear of negative appearance evaluation scale, and the eating attitude test-26. Results: the fear of negative appearance influenced the well-being of the studied managers. However, this relation was mediated by dieting as well as bulimia and food preoccupation. (4) Conclusions: the well-being level depended on the managers’ positive body images, but only when mediated by healthy dieting and eating attitudes. While the well-being level of managers was high, it is worth further exploring how they can flourish and develop in life and work, which can also transfer to the quality of life of their co-workers and companies. However, the subject of the well-being of managers warrants more research; for example, by considering different moderators, such as job experience, gender, and age. Moreover, experimental studies examining the effectiveness of different interventions for the physical and mental health of managers could be worth investigating.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Hryniewicz & Dominika Wilczyńska & Daniel Krokosz & Konrad Hryniewicz & Mariusz Lipowski, 2022. "Well-Being of High-Level Managers during the Pandemic: The Role of Fear of Negative Appearance, Anxiety, and Eating Behaviors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:637-:d:1019793
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Carnevale, Joel B. & Hatak, Isabella, 2020. "Employee adjustment and well-being in the era of COVID-19: Implications for human resource management," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 183-187.
    3. Sabrina Zeike & Kyung-Eun Choi & Lara Lindert & Holger Pfaff, 2019. "Managers’ Well-Being in the Digital Era: Is it Associated with Perceived Choice Overload and Pressure from Digitalization? An Exploratory Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-15, May.
    4. Fiona Cocker & Angela Martin & Jenn Scott & Alison Venn & Kristy Sanderson, 2013. "Psychological Distress, Related Work Attendance, and Productivity Loss in Small-to-Medium Enterprise Owner/Managers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-21, October.
    5. Shally Novita & Dhini Andriani & Erika & Mariusz Lipowski & Małgorzata Lipowska, 2022. "Anxiety towards COVID-19, Fear of Negative Appearance, Healthy Lifestyle, and Their Relationship with Well-Being during the Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Study between Indonesia and Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-13, June.
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