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Health Risk Assessment for Human Exposure to Heavy Metals via Food Consumption in Inhabitants of Middle Basin of the Atrato River in the Colombian Pacific

Author

Listed:
  • Gabriel Caicedo-Rivas

    (Biosistematic Research Group, Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica Del Chocó, Quibdó 270002, Chocó, Colombia)

  • Manuel Salas-Moreno

    (Biosistematic Research Group, Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica Del Chocó, Quibdó 270002, Chocó, Colombia)

  • José Marrugo-Negrete

    (Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad de Córdoba, Carrera 6 No. 76-103, Montería 230002, Córdoba, Colombia)

Abstract

The Atrato river basin is one of the world’s most biodiverse areas; however, it is highly impacted by mercury gold mining, which generates air, water, and soil pollution. (1) Background: The concentrations of persistent heavy metal pollutants, mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in the fish, fruits, and vegetables most consumed by the riverside inhabitants of the middle basin of the Atrato river represent a danger to public health; (2) Methods: A total of 154 samples of different fruits and vegetables and 440 samples of fish were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. A sample of 446 people were surveyed to evaluate food consumption and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk; (4) Conclusions: High concentrations of As, Hg, Pb, and Cd were identified in fish, fruits-tubers, and vegetables-stems commonly consumed by inhabitants of the middle basin of the Atrato River, which exceeded the Codex limits and the limits established by the WHO/FAO, especially for carnivorous fish species. A high carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk was evidenced amongst inhabitants of the middle basin of the Atrato River due to the consumption of fish contaminated with high concentrations of As, MeHg, and THg. The risk due to the consumption of vegetables was very low.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabriel Caicedo-Rivas & Manuel Salas-Moreno & José Marrugo-Negrete, 2022. "Health Risk Assessment for Human Exposure to Heavy Metals via Food Consumption in Inhabitants of Middle Basin of the Atrato River in the Colombian Pacific," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-26, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:435-:d:1016649
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Carlos H. Pinzón-Bedoya & Martha L. Pinzón-Bedoya & José Pinedo-Hernández & Iván Urango-Cardenas & José Marrugo-Negrete, 2020. "Assessment of Potential Health Risks Associated with the Intake of Heavy Metals in Fish Harvested from the Largest Estuary in Colombia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-12, April.
    2. David Kocman & Simon J. Wilson & Helen M. Amos & Kevin H. Telmer & Frits Steenhuisen & Elsie M. Sunderland & Robert P. Mason & Peter Outridge & Milena Horvat, 2017. "Toward an Assessment of the Global Inventory of Present-Day Mercury Releases to Freshwater Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-16, February.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    vegetables; fruits; fish; tubers; MeHg; As;
    All these keywords.

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