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The Interaction Effect of Parental Rejection and Oxytocin Receptor Gene Polymorphism on Depression: A Cross-Cultural Study in Non-Clinical Samples

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  • Vincenzo Paolo Senese

    (Psychometric Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy)

  • Kazuyuki Shinohara

    (Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Unit of Basic Medical Sciences Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8042, Japan)

  • Paola Venuti

    (Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, 38100 Trento, Italy)

  • Marc H. Bornstein

    (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20810, USA)

  • Vittorio Rosanio

    (Psychometric Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy)

  • Carla Nasti

    (Psychometric Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy)

  • Michelle Jin-Yee Neoh

    (Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637511, Singapore)

  • Marzia Maresca

    (Institute of Relational and Family Psychology and Psychotherapy (ISPPREF), 80127 Napoli, Italy)

  • Gianluca Esposito

    (Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, 38100 Trento, Italy)

Abstract

Parental rejection has been consistently empirically implicated in a wide array of developmental, behavioural and psychological problems worldwide. However, the interaction effect between parental rejection in childhood and the oxytocin receptor genotype on psychological adjustment has yet to be investigated. The present study aimed to investigate gene–environment interaction effects between parental rejection (maternal and paternal) and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene polymorphisms (rs53576 and rs2254298) on depressive symptoms in adults in different cultural contexts. Adults from Italy and Japan ( N = 133, age = 18–27 years, females = 68) were preliminarily genotyped and then completed the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire for mothers and fathers and the Beck Depression Inventory. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that paternal rejection was related to self-reported depression and that the effect of parental rejection was moderated by OXTR gene polymorphisms and nationality. Among Italians, OXTR rs2254298 A-carriers showed resilience to negative early parental care, whereas among Japanese, OXTR rs53576 non-A-carriers showed resistance to negative early paternal care. These findings align with expected relations between perceived acceptance–rejection and an individual’s psychological adjustment, as proposed by interpersonal acceptance–rejection theory, and indicate the need for future studies adopting a multicultural and multilevel approach to better understand how the effects of parental rejection extend into adulthood.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincenzo Paolo Senese & Kazuyuki Shinohara & Paola Venuti & Marc H. Bornstein & Vittorio Rosanio & Carla Nasti & Michelle Jin-Yee Neoh & Marzia Maresca & Gianluca Esposito, 2022. "The Interaction Effect of Parental Rejection and Oxytocin Receptor Gene Polymorphism on Depression: A Cross-Cultural Study in Non-Clinical Samples," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5566-:d:808131
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adrian Bird, 2007. "Perceptions of epigenetics," Nature, Nature, vol. 447(7143), pages 396-398, May.
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    1. Jerf W. K. Yeung & Hui-Fang Chen & Herman H. M. Lo & Leilei Xu & Chi Xu, 2023. "Minor Forms of Parental Maltreatment and Educational Achievement of Immigrant Youths in Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-19, January.

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