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Effects of Crawling before Walking: Network Interactions and Longitudinal Associations in 7-Year-Old Children

Author

Listed:
  • Jorge Cazorla-González

    (University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain)

  • Sergi García-Retortillo

    (University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
    Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA)

  • Mariano Gacto-Sánchez

    (University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain)

  • Gerard Muñoz-Castro

    (University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
    Bronchiectasis Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain)

  • Juan Serrano-Ferrer

    (University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain)

  • Blanca Román-Viñas

    (University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
    CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Abel López-Bermejo

    (Pediatric Endocrinology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17003 Girona, Spain
    Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17003 Girona, Spain
    Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain)

  • Raquel Font-Lladó

    (University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
    Research Group of Culture and Education, Institute of Educational Research, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain)

  • Anna Prats-Puig

    (University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
    Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain)

Abstract

Background: To study the impact of crawling before walking (CBW) on network interactions among body composition, the cardiovascular system, lung function, motor competence and physical fitness, at age 7, and to assess the longitudinal association between CBW and body composition, the cardiovascular system, lung function, motor competence, physical fitness and physical activity parameters, at age 7. Method: CBW, body composition, cardiovascular system, lung function, motor competence, physical fitness and physical activity were assessed in seventy-seven healthy Caucasian children. Results: Network analyses revealed that the crawling group had a greater number of links among all the studied variables compared with the non-crawling group. In the longitudinal study, using multiple regression analyses, crawling was independently associated with fat mass (%), fat-to-muscle ratio and systolic blood pressure, with models explaining up to 56.3%, 56.7% and 29.9% of their variance, respectively. Conclusions: CBW during child’s development is a possible modulator in the network interactions between body systems and it could influence future metabolic and cardiovascular health.

Suggested Citation

  • Jorge Cazorla-González & Sergi García-Retortillo & Mariano Gacto-Sánchez & Gerard Muñoz-Castro & Juan Serrano-Ferrer & Blanca Román-Viñas & Abel López-Bermejo & Raquel Font-Lladó & Anna Prats-Puig, 2022. "Effects of Crawling before Walking: Network Interactions and Longitudinal Associations in 7-Year-Old Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-11, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5561-:d:807983
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    Cited by:

    1. Elenice de Sousa Pereira & Mabliny Thuany & Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira & Thayse Natacha Q. F. Gomes & Fernanda Karina dos Santos, 2023. "How Do Health, Biological, Behavioral, and Cognitive Variables Interact over Time in Children of Both Sexes? A Complex Systems Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-19, February.

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