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Predictors of Psychological Distress in Women with Endometriosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Roxana Schwab

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany)

  • Kathrin Stewen

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany)

  • Laura Ost

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany)

  • Tanja Kottmann

    (CRO Dr. Med. Kottmann GmbH & Co. KG, 59077 Hamm, Germany)

  • Susanne Theis

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany)

  • Tania Elger

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany)

  • Mona Wanda Schmidt

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany)

  • Katharina Anic

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany)

  • Stefanie Roxana Kalb

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany)

  • Walburgis Brenner

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany)

  • Annette Hasenburg

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany)

Abstract

Background: Endometriosis is a multifaceted chronic pain condition that can have a negative impact on mental health. Patients suffering from chronic pain may face an additional psychological burden during adversity, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported depression and anxiety, the influence of demographic, endometriosis-specific, pandemic-specific factors, and resilience on mental health outcomes of patients with endometriosis. Methods: An online survey was conducted through patient support groups of women suffering from endometriosis during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The PHQ-4 questionnaire, which combines two items of the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression (PHQ-2) and two items from the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2) was used to assess self-reported mental health. The Brief Resilience Score (BRS) was employed to evaluate resilience. Independent risk and protective factors for mental health were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: The PHQ-4 questionnaire was completed by 274 respondents. More than 40% reached depression (PHQ-2) and anxiety (GAD-2) scores of ≥3, and more than 20% achieved PHQ-2 and GAD-2 scores of ≥5. High resilience was found to be a reliable and strong independent protector for the probability of developing adverse psychological outcomes: OR 0.295, p < 0.001 for developing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-2 ≥ 3), and OR 0.467, p < 0.001 for having major depression (PHQ-2 ≥ 3). Conclusions: Pain-induced disability is an independent risk factor for developing major depression and anxiety, while resilience was identified as a potential protective parameter in terms of positive psychological outcomes in women with endometriosis. The results of this study may help to identify women at risk for adverse mental health outcomes and should encourage healthcare practitioners to establish strategies for the reduction of negative psychological and psychiatric impacts on patients with endometriosis.

Suggested Citation

  • Roxana Schwab & Kathrin Stewen & Laura Ost & Tanja Kottmann & Susanne Theis & Tania Elger & Mona Wanda Schmidt & Katharina Anic & Stefanie Roxana Kalb & Walburgis Brenner & Annette Hasenburg, 2022. "Predictors of Psychological Distress in Women with Endometriosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:8:p:4927-:d:796571
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andrea Chmitorz & Mario Wenzel & Rolf-Dieter Stieglitz & Angela Kunzler & Christiana Bagusat & Isabella Helmreich & Anna Gerlicher & Miriam Kampa & Thomas Kubiak & Raffael Kalisch & Klaus Lieb & Olive, 2018. "Population-based validation of a German version of the Brief Resilience Scale," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Helliwell, John F., 2003. "How's life? Combining individual and national variables to explain subjective well-being," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 331-360, March.
    3. André Hajek & Hans-Helmut König, 2020. "Prevalence and Correlates of Individuals Screening Positive for Depression and Anxiety on the PHQ-4 in the German General Population: Findings from the Nationally Representative German Socio-Economic ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-11, October.
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    1. Vincenza Cofini & Mario Muselli & Chiara Lolli & Leila Fabiani & Stefano Necozione, 2022. "Does Quality of Care (QoC) Perception Influence the Quality of Life (QoL) in Women with Endometriosis? Results from an Italian Nationwide Survey during Covid Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Roxana Schwab & Kathrin Stewen & Tanja Kottmann & Susanne Theis & Tania Elger & Bashar Haj Hamoud & Mona W. Schmidt & Katharina Anic & Walburgis Brenner & Annette Hasenburg, 2022. "Determinants of Pain-Induced Disability in German Women with Endometriosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-21, July.

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