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Nutritional and Exercise Interventions in Cancer-Related Cachexia: An Extensive Narrative Review

Author

Listed:
  • Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez

    (Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
    Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia)

  • Laura Redondo-Flórez

    (Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain)

  • Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz

    (Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain)

  • Ismael Martínez-Guardado

    (BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain)

  • Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez

    (Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia)

  • José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera

    (Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

One of the common traits found in cancer patients is malnutrition and cachexia, which affects between 25% to 60% of the patients, depending on the type of cancer, diagnosis, and treatment. Given the lack of current effective pharmacological solutions for low muscle mass and sarcopenia, holistic interventions are essential to patient care, as well as exercise and nutrition. Thus, the present narrative review aimed to analyze the nutritional, pharmacological, ergonutritional, and physical exercise strategies in cancer-related cachexia. The integration of multidisciplinary interventions could help to improve the final intervention in patients, improving their prognosis, quality of life, and life expectancy. To reach these aims, an extensive narrative review was conducted. The databases used were MedLine (PubMed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, PsychINFO, and CinAhl. Cancer-related cachexia is a complex multifactorial phenomenon in which systemic inflammation plays a key role in the development and maintenance of the symptomatology. Pharmacological interventions seem to produce a positive effect on inflammatory state and cachexia. Nutritional interventions are focused on a high-energy diet with high-density foods and the supplementation with antioxidants, while physical activity is focused on strength-based training. The implementation of multidisciplinary non-pharmacological interventions in cancer-related cachexia could be an important tool to improve traditional treatments and improve patients’ quality of life.

Suggested Citation

  • Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez & Laura Redondo-Flórez & Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz & Ismael Martínez-Guardado & Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez & José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera, 2022. "Nutritional and Exercise Interventions in Cancer-Related Cachexia: An Extensive Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-27, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:8:p:4604-:d:791449
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Laura Redondo-Flórez & Domingo Jesus Ramos-Campo & Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, 2021. "Body Composition, Psychological, Cardiovascular, and Physical Activity Factors Related with Academic School Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-10, August.
    2. Madalyn Riley Higgins & Azimeh Izadi & Mojtaba Kaviani, 2020. "Antioxidants and Exercise Performance: With a Focus on Vitamin E and C Supplementation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-26, November.
    3. Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez & Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez & Pablo Ruisoto & Athanasios A. Dalamitros & Ana Isabel Beltran-Velasco & Alberto Hormeño-Holgado & Carmen Cecilia Laborde-Cárdenas & Jose Fran, 2021. "Performance of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Emergency System in COVID-19 Pandemic. An Extensive Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-12, May.
    4. Annie R. Curtis & Katherine M. Livingstone & Robin M. Daly & Laura E. Marchese & Nicole Kiss, 2022. "Associations between Dietary Patterns and Malnutrition, Low Muscle Mass and Sarcopenia in Adults with Cancer: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-17, February.
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