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Hair Sample Analysis as a Method of Monitoring Exposure to Bisphenol A in Dogs

Author

Listed:
  • Krystyna Makowska

    (Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Julia Martín

    (Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Andrzej Rychlik

    (Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Irene Aparicio

    (Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Juan Luis Santos

    (Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Esteban Alonso

    (Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Sławomir Gonkowski

    (Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic substance widely used in the plastics industry. It penetrates food and environment and, as an endocrine disruptor, has detrimental effects on human organisms. Pet animals, which live in the immediate vicinity of humans, are also exposed to BPA; however, knowledge regarding the exposure of dogs to this substance is extremely scarce. This is the first study in which hair analysis has been used to biomonitor BPA in 30 dogs using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques. The presence of BPA in concentration levels above the method detection limit (1.25 ng/g) was noted in 93.33% of samples. BPA concentration levels were found to range from 7.05 ng/g to 436 ng/g (mean 81.30 ng/g). Statistically significant differences in BPA concentration levels were found between animals with physiological weight and animals with abnormal weight (skinny and obese). In turn, differences between males and females, as well as between young, middle-aged and old dogs, were not statistically significant. The obtained results have clearly shown that hair analysis is a useful method to evaluate the exposure of dogs to BPA. This study also confirmed that dogs are exposed to BPA to a large extent, and this substance may play a role as a pathological factor in this animal species. However, many aspects connected to the influence of BPA on canine health status are unclear and need further study.

Suggested Citation

  • Krystyna Makowska & Julia Martín & Andrzej Rychlik & Irene Aparicio & Juan Luis Santos & Esteban Alonso & Sławomir Gonkowski, 2022. "Hair Sample Analysis as a Method of Monitoring Exposure to Bisphenol A in Dogs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:8:p:4600-:d:791321
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alessandro Federico & Marcello Dallio & Antonietta Gerarda Gravina & Nadia Diano & Sonia Errico & Mario Masarone & Mario Romeo & Concetta Tuccillo & Paola Stiuso & Filomena Morisco & Marcello Persico , 2020. "The Bisphenol A Induced Oxidative Stress in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Male Patients: A Clinical Strategy to Antagonize the Progression of the Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-16, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Slawomir Gonkowski & Julia Martín & Irene Aparicio & Juan Luis Santos & Esteban Alonso & Liliana Rytel, 2023. "Evaluation of Parabens and Bisphenol A Concentration Levels in Wild Bat Guano Samples," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-17, January.

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