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Translation and Validation of the Malay Version of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index: Reliability and Validity Evidence from a Sample of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

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  • Aida Farhana Suhaimi

    (Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
    Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Putrajaya, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya 62250, Malaysia)

  • Shahidah Mohamed Makki

    (Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta, Ministry of Health, Tanjung Rambutan 31250, Malaysia)

  • Kit-Aun Tan

    (Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Umi Adzlin Silim

    (Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Serdang, Ministry of Health, Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Normala Ibrahim

    (Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

Abstract

The translation and validation process of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5) into Malay is still not yet available. This study is the first psychometric evaluation of the Malay version of the WHO-5 in a sample of 127 primary care patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We evaluated the internal consistency and 5-week test–retest reliability of the WHO-5 Malay, and three aspects of its validity—first, the factorial validity in relation to the factor structure of the WHO-5 Malay; second, the concurrent validity in relation to depression and diabetes-related distress; and third, the convergent validity in relation to diabetes management self-efficacy and diabetes self-care behaviors. This study had two phases. Phase 1 involved the translation of the WHO-5 into Malay language following established procedures, whereas Phase 2 involved the validation of the WHO-5 Malay. Excellent internal consistency and 5-week test–retest reliability estimates were obtained. The factorial validity of the WHO-5 was found to be unidimensional. As for concurrent validity, the WHO-5 Malay was found to be negatively correlated with depression and diabetes-related distress. The WHO-5 was found to be correlated with diabetes management self-efficacy and diabetes self-care behaviors, thereby establishing convergent validity. The WHO-5 Malay has reliable and valid psychometric properties and represents a promising tool that informs healthcare providers in making effective and holistic diabetes management.

Suggested Citation

  • Aida Farhana Suhaimi & Shahidah Mohamed Makki & Kit-Aun Tan & Umi Adzlin Silim & Normala Ibrahim, 2022. "Translation and Validation of the Malay Version of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index: Reliability and Validity Evidence from a Sample of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-11, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:4415-:d:788307
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gunjan Y Trivedi, 2019. "Importance of Screening for Wellbeing in Diabetes Management," Current Research in Diabetes & Obesity Journal, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 11(4), pages 92-95, August.
    2. Ling Jie Cheng & Wenru Wang & Suan Tee Lim & Vivien Xi Wu, 2019. "Factors associated with glycaemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic literature review," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(9-10), pages 1433-1450, May.
    3. Cassidy Devarajooh & Karuthan Chinna, 2017. "Depression, distress and self-efficacy: The impact on diabetes self-care practices," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, March.
    4. Gunjan Y Trivedi, 2019. "Importance of Screening for Wellbeing in Diabetes Management," Current Research in Diabetes & Obesity Journal, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 11(4), pages 1-4, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera & Moisés Betancort & Amparo Muñoz-Rubilar & Natalia Rodríguez-Novo & Ottar Bjerkeset & Carlos De las Cuevas, 2022. "Psychometric Properties of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-13, August.

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