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The Effect of a Masticatory Muscle Training Program on Chewing Efficiency and Bite Force in People with Dementia

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  • Julia Jockusch

    (Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, Gerodontology Section, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
    University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15/Box 2, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland)

  • Sebastian Hahnel

    (Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, Gerodontology Section, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany)

  • Bernhard B. A. J. Sobotta

    (Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, Gerodontology Section, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany)

  • Ina Nitschke

    (Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, Gerodontology Section, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
    Clinic of General, Special Care and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland)

Abstract

Until now, no study has investigated the effects of masticatory muscle training on chewing function in people with dementia. This study aimed to investigate whether physiotherapeutic exercises for the masticatory muscles have an influence on chewing efficiency and bite force in people with dementia. In a clinical trial with stratified randomization subjects were assigned to three groups based on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE: group 1—28–30, group 2—25–27, group 3—18–24). Each group was divided into an experimental (ExpG, intervention) and control group (ConG, no intervention). As intervention a Masticatory Muscle Training (MaMuT) (part 1: three physiotherapeutic treatments and daily home exercises, part 2: daily home exercises only) was carried out. Chewing efficiency and bite force were recorded. The MaMuT influenced the masticatory performance regardless of the cognitive state. Bite force increased in ExpG 1 and 2. Without further training, however, the effect disappeared. Chewing efficiency increased in all ExpG. After completion of the training, the ExpG 2 and 3 showed a decrease to initial values. Subjects of ExpG 1 showed a training effect at the final examination, but a tendency toward the initial values was observed. ExpG 3 seemed to benefit most from the physiotherapeutic exercises in terms of improving chewing efficiency by the end of the intervention phase. ExpG 1 showed the greatest gain in bite force. The MaMuT program is a potential method of improving masticatory performance in people with cognitive impairment or dementia when used on a daily basis.

Suggested Citation

  • Julia Jockusch & Sebastian Hahnel & Bernhard B. A. J. Sobotta & Ina Nitschke, 2022. "The Effect of a Masticatory Muscle Training Program on Chewing Efficiency and Bite Force in People with Dementia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:3778-:d:776935
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. van Buuren, Stef & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, Karin, 2011. "mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 45(i03).
    2. Julia Jockusch & Daniel Wiedemeier & Ina Nitschke, 2022. "The OrBiD (Oral Health, Bite Force and Dementia) Pilot Study: A Study Protocol for New Approaches to Masticatory Muscle Training and Efficient Recruitment for Longitudinal Studies in People with Demen," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Vincenzo De Cicco & Massimo Barresi & Maria Paola Tramonti Fantozzi & Enrico Cataldo & Vincenzo Parisi & Diego Manzoni, 2016. "Oral Implant-Prostheses: New Teeth for a Brighter Brain," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(2), pages 1-21, February.
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