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The Aging Process of Cadmium in Paddy Soils under Intermittent Irrigation with Acid Water: A Short-Term Simulation Experiment

Author

Listed:
  • Dongya Han

    (Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
    Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
    Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China)

  • Lixin Pei

    (Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571100, China)

  • Guanxing Huang

    (Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
    Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang 050061, China)

  • Qinxuan Hou

    (Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
    Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
    Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China)

  • Meng Zhang

    (Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
    Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang 050061, China)

  • Jiangmin Song

    (Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
    Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang 050061, China)

  • Lin Gan

    (Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
    Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang 050061, China)

  • Heqiu Wu

    (Zhejiang Engineering Geophysical Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310005, China)

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd)-contaminated paddy soils are a big concern. However, the effect of irrigation with acid water on the migration and transformation of Cd and the effect of alternating redox conditions caused by intermittent irrigation on Cd aging processes in different depths of paddy soils are unclear. This study revealed Cd fractionation and aging in a Cd-contaminated paddy soil under four irrigation periods with acid water and four drainage periods, by applying a soil columns experiment and a sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that the dynamic changes of soil pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), iron (Fe) oxides and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) throughout the intermittent irrigation affected the transformation of Cd fractions. After 32 days, the proportion of exchangeable Cd (F1) to the total Cd decreased with a reduction of 24.4% and 20.1% at the topsoil and the subsoil, respectively. The labile fractions of Cd decreased, and the more immobilizable fractions of Cd increased in the different depths of soils due to the aging process. Additionally, the redistribution of the Fe and Mn oxide-bound Cd (F3) and organic matter and secondary-sulfide-bound Cd (F4) occurred at different depths of soils during the incubation time. Overall, the bioaccessibility of Cd in the subsoil was higher than that in the topsoil, which was likely due to the leaching and accumulation of soluble Cd in the deep soil. In addition, the aging processes in different depths of soils were divided into three stages, which can be mainly described as the transformation of F1 into F3 and F4.

Suggested Citation

  • Dongya Han & Lixin Pei & Guanxing Huang & Qinxuan Hou & Meng Zhang & Jiangmin Song & Lin Gan & Heqiu Wu, 2022. "The Aging Process of Cadmium in Paddy Soils under Intermittent Irrigation with Acid Water: A Short-Term Simulation Experiment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3339-:d:769290
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Min Jiang & Guangming Zeng & Chang Zhang & Xiaoying Ma & Ming Chen & Jiachao Zhang & Lunhui Lu & Qian Yu & Langping Hu & Lifeng Liu, 2013. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Surrounding Soils and Surface Sediments in Xiawangang River, Qingshuitang District," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(8), pages 1-11, August.
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