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Impact of Weather on Pedestrians’ Slip Risk

Author

Listed:
  • Marjo Hippi

    (Meteorological Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Markku Kangas

    (Meteorological Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland)

Abstract

Pedestrians’ slipping injuries are a very typical problem in the Nordic countries, causing varying degrees of injuries and in the worst case, long sick leaves. There is a clear seasonal variation in the number of slips. Sidewalk slipperiness and the risk of slips is a complex combination of weather, winter maintenance activities, number of walkers, and the grip between shoes and surface, as well as human behavioral and physical factors. In this study, the effect of weather on pedestrians’ slipping injuries is studied. Daily weather observations are compared to the slip statistics that have been collected from commuting accident statistics in cases where the way of commuting has been walking. A total of 16 cities from Finland for 14 winters are included in this study. The results reveal that snow on the ground increases the slip risk more than three times compared to no-snow situations. Near zero temperatures and precipitation are very typical on days when slip injuries occur more than usual. However, there are also days when high amounts of slips cannot be explained with the weather. The study also shows that there are significant differences as to the number and timing of slips between different parts of the country.

Suggested Citation

  • Marjo Hippi & Markku Kangas, 2022. "Impact of Weather on Pedestrians’ Slip Risk," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:3007-:d:764110
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tatiana N. Unguryanu & Andrej M. Grjibovski & Tordis A. Trovik & Børge Ytterstad & Alexander V. Kudryavtsev, 2020. "Weather Conditions and Outdoor Fall Injuries in Northwestern Russia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-16, August.
    2. Agneta Larsson & Glenn Berggård & Peter Rosander & Gunvor Gard, 2019. "Gait Speed with Anti-Slip Devices on Icy Pedestrian Crossings Relate to Perceived Fall-Risk and Balance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-13, July.
    3. Élise Lépy & Sinikka Rantala & Antti Huusko & Pentti Nieminen & Marjo Hippi & Arja Rautio, 2016. "Role of Winter Weather Conditions and Slipperiness on Tourists’ Accidents in Finland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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