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Hyperbaric Exposure of Scuba Divers Affects the Urinary Excretion of Nucleic Acid Oxidation Products and Hypoxanthine

Author

Listed:
  • Enrico Marchetti

    (INAIL, Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy)

  • Daniela Pigini

    (INAIL, Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy)

  • Mariangela Spagnoli

    (INAIL, Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy)

  • Giovanna Tranfo

    (INAIL, Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy)

  • Flavia Buonaurio

    (Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Fabio Sciubba

    (NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
    Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Ottavia Giampaoli

    (NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
    Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Alfredo Miccheli

    (NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
    Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Alessandro Pinto

    (Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Nazzareno De Angelis

    (Research Unit of Subaquatic Sector of Italian Federation of Environment and Sport (FISA Sub), Vicolo Orbitelli, 10, 00186 Rome, Italy)

  • Luigi Fattorini

    (Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

In recent studies, oxidative stress after scuba diving has been explored by measuring urinary biomarkers in volunteers under controlled conditions. Dive depth and duration, water temperature, and workload are all variables that can elicit metabolic responses. A controlled diving experiment was performed in an indoor pool at 20, 30, and 40 m depths at a water temperature of 32 °C, on three different days. Samples of urine from five male scuba divers were taken before diving and at four time points after diving, and then tested for their concentration of five different oxidative stress biomarkers by means of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics analysis. The results showed no variation in the five biomarkers after diving, but a decreasing trend was observed over the three days, with no differences among the three depths. The lack of effect on oxidative stress biomarkers has been attributed to the comfortable water temperature and to the absence of exercise in the divers during the experiment. Instead, an increase in hypoxanthine excretion, which can be considered a biomarker sensitive to hyperbaric exposure, was found after diving. Finally, the results suggest a physiological mechanism of metabolic adaptation to a new condition.

Suggested Citation

  • Enrico Marchetti & Daniela Pigini & Mariangela Spagnoli & Giovanna Tranfo & Flavia Buonaurio & Fabio Sciubba & Ottavia Giampaoli & Alfredo Miccheli & Alessandro Pinto & Nazzareno De Angelis & Luigi Fa, 2022. "Hyperbaric Exposure of Scuba Divers Affects the Urinary Excretion of Nucleic Acid Oxidation Products and Hypoxanthine," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:3005-:d:764082
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Giovanna Tranfo & Enrico Paci & Mariella Carrieri & Enrico Marchetti & Renata Sisto & Monica Gherardi & Francesca Costabile & Lisa Bauleo & Carla Ancona & Daniela Pigini, 2019. "Levels of Urinary Biomarkers of Oxidatively Generated Damage to DNA and RNA in Different Groups of Workers Compared to General Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-13, August.
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