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The Inhaler Technique Questionnaire (InTeQ): Development and Validation of a Brief Patient-Reported Measure

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  • Catalina Lizano-Barrantes

    (Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Olatz Garin

    (Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Alexandra L. Dima

    (Research and Development Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Barcelona, Spain
    Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France)

  • Eric van Ganse

    (Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
    Respiratory Medicine, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, 69004 Lyon, France
    PELyon, Pharmacoepidemiology, 69007 Lyon, France)

  • Marijn de Bruin

    (Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare (IQ Healthcare), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands)

  • Manon Belhassen

    (PELyon, Pharmacoepidemiology, 69007 Lyon, France)

  • Karina Mayoral

    (Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Preventive Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Àngels Pont

    (Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Montse Ferrer

    (Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

There is a need for instruments designed for patients with asthma to self-report their performance of inhaling steps. We aimed to develop an accessible and easy-to-use patient-reported tool for inhaler technique assessment, which could also serve as a training and monitoring resource for any type of inhaler device, and to evaluate its feasibility, validity, and reliability in adults with asthma. The development was based on literature review and pilot testing with clinicians and patients. The Inhaler Technique Questionnaire (InTeQ) asks about the frequency of performing five steps when using inhalers (on a five-point Likert scale). We analyzed data from adults with persistent asthma ( n = 361). We examined the measurement model using Mokken scaling analysis, construct validity by assessing hypotheses on expected discrimination among known groups, and reliability based on internal consistency and reproducibility. Means of the InTeQ items were in the range of 0.23–1.61, and coefficients of homogeneity were above the cutoff point, demonstrating the unidimensionality of the scale. Known groups’ global score differences were statistically significant between patients reporting having “Discussed in detail” or having “Not discussed/Only in general” the inhaler technique with their healthcare providers ( p = 0.023). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.716, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.775. The InTeQ is a feasible, valid, and reliable instrument for self-reporting inhaler technique on any type of device.

Suggested Citation

  • Catalina Lizano-Barrantes & Olatz Garin & Alexandra L. Dima & Eric van Ganse & Marijn de Bruin & Manon Belhassen & Karina Mayoral & Àngels Pont & Montse Ferrer, 2022. "The Inhaler Technique Questionnaire (InTeQ): Development and Validation of a Brief Patient-Reported Measure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:2591-:d:756880
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    1. Rosseel, Yves, 2012. "lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 48(i02).
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